Hartman's EKG Ch. 4 Cardiovascular disease-disorders

Hartman's EKG Ch. 4 Cardiovascular Disease and Disorders

S From Hartman' Complete Guide for the EKG tTechnician

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• Heart murmurs valves do not close properly

• Valvular stenosis narrowed, stiff heart valve

Mitral valve prolapse mitral valve does not fully close

Heart Valve Abnormalities

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Heart cannot pump blood

fluid backs up in (enlarged heart)

• lungs

• liver

• limbs

• gastrointestinal tract

Cardiomyopathy

Infection that weakens the heart muscle

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​Heart Failure

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Cardiomyopathy

The muscle becomes too large. With thickened heart endocardium. The ventricles decrease in size reducing the volume they are able to hold.

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Congestive Heart Failure S/S

R

Liver Congestion

Spleen Congestion

Ascites

Lower Extremity edema

L​

BLE edema Tachycardia Dyspnea Orthopnea Neck Vein Distention

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Productive cough w/white frothy sputum​

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Aneurysms

• weakened artery bulges, may break

Coronary artery disease​​

• ischemia-plaque blockage a. atherosclerosis​- arteries

​Symptoms

• angina pectoris

​chest pain

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​Artery Diseases

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Artery Disease

CAD is from plaque build up or arteriosclerosis.

If that plaque dislodges you could release a blood clot into the system causing a thrombus to turn into a embolus .

Page 43

Multiple Choice

What is not a potential reason for heart failure?

• Coronary Artery Disease

• Restless leg syndrome

• Pregnancy

• HTN

Draw

Draw an artery with plaque build up and one without

Open Ended

Explain to me what an aneurysm is and why is it an emergency.

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• plaque blocks a cardiac artery it con block the oxygen causing ischemia

Treatment:

aspirin or ​Nitroglycerin as soon as symptoms appear

20–60 minute window for treatment ​

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Pge 43

Myocardial infarction

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MI definitions

Angina Pectoris

Unstable Angina

Cardiac output ​

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Hypertension

blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg

Peripheral vascular disease

lack of circulation in legs

Stroke

blockage of brain blood flow

ischemic stroke

hemorrhagic stroke

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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​Heart Disease

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Thrombus

Description

A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis. There are two components to a thrombus: aggregated platelets and red blood cells that form a plug, and a mesh of cross-linked fibrin protein. The substance making up a thrombus is sometimes called cruor

S page 47

Multiple Choice

Which BP would be considered Hypotension?

• 87/62

• 95/71

• 110/65

• 165/92

Hypertension S/S

R

HA

Blurred Vision

Dizziness

Fatigue

Nausea

Nosebleed​

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Multiple Choice

Which BP would be a precursor for a stroke (hypertensive Crisis)

• 139/87

• 122/78

• 193/134

• 145/90

Open Ended

Name 2 MI S/s for a female patient.