Chemistry 1-6: The Periodic Table & Atomic Structure

The Periodic Table and Atomic Structure

Multiple Choice

In the modern periodic table, elements are listed according to ___________.

• increasing atomic mass

• increasing atomic number

• increasing density

• the order they were discovered

Drag and Drop

A column in the periodic table is called a

Placeholder

and a row is called a​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

element key

group

series

period

Multiple Choice

What element has the symbol Co with 27 electrons?

• Copper

• Cobalt

• Carbon

• Chlorine

Multiple Choice

 

Name the element whose, Protons plus Neutrons equal 55 and whose atomic number is 25.

• Manganese

• Magnesium

• Chromium

• Iron

Multiple Choice

Which type of elements are good conductors of heat and electricity?

• metals

• metalloids

• nonmetals

• synthetic

Multiple Choice

Elements in the s & p blocks are also known as what?

• the ultimate elements

• the main-group elements

• the s & p index

• the important elements

Lesson Objectives

• Differentiate between the different groups of the periodic table

• Describe the properties unique to different element groups

Recall

• The electron Configuration is the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom

  • Determines the physical and chemical properties of each element

  • Ele​ments are sorted by atomic number, which tells you the number of electrons in a neutral atom

The Periodic Table as a Predictive Model

• The Periodic table serves as a predictive model based on the arrangements of electrons in the elements

  • Elements in the same group share the same properties due to having similar electron configurations​

Group 1: The Alkali Metals

• ​Only one electron in the highest-filled orbital

  • ns¹

• ​All have a silvery appearance

• ​Soft enough to cut with a knife

• ​Extremely reactive, combine with others easily

  • ​Not found as free elements in nature

• ​React with water for form alkali solutions and Hydrogen Gas

  • ​Lower down the column has a lower melting point

• Mnemomic Device to remember:

  • Little Nasty Kids Rub Cats Fur

Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals

• ​contain a complete pair of electrons in outermost s sub level

  • ​ns²

  • ​harder and denser than alkali metals

  • ​have higher melting points

  • ​Less reactive than alkali metals, but still too reactive to be found freely in nature

Group 3-12: The Transition Metals

• All in the d-block of the periodic Table

  • ​Good conductors of electricity

  • ​High luster

  • ​Less reactive than alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

  • ​Some are found freely in nature

Categorize

Options (16)

Sodium

Copper

Calcium

Lithium

Rubidium

Cesium

Francium

Magnesium

Strontium

Radium

Beryllium

Iron

Nickel

Zinc

Silver

Gold

Sort the metals by which periodic groups they belong to

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

Group 13-18: The p-block Elements

• Main-group elements with s-block elements

• ​Properties vary greatly

  • ​Right end=all nonmetals

    • React with metals to form salts

  • ​Metalloids in the middle

    • Mostly Brittle Solids, middling conductivity

  • ​Left end = Metals

    • Harder than the s-block metals

The Halogens

• ​Group 17=Halogens

  • ​Most reactive nonmetals

    • They only need one electron to gain a full shell

  • ​np⁵

    • To help remember: Funny Clowns Broil Innocent Ants

The Noble Gases

• ​Group 18

• Have a full p-orbital, and do not react

  • Exception: Helium has a full s orbital

​The f-Block Elements Lanthanides

• ​This group was created in the early 1900's

• ​The Lanthanides: the 14 elements from atomic number 58 (cerium, Ce) to 71 (lutetium, Lu)

• ​These elements are so similar in chemical and physical properties that it is hard to tell them apart without significant studying

• ​Belongs in Period 6 of the table, but separated to save room

​The f-block Elements The Actinides

• ​The 14 elements from atomic number 90 (Thorium, Th) to 103 (Lawrencium, Lr)

• ​Belong in Period 7 of the Periodic table, but is separated to save room

• ​Some are radioactive, others ignite into flame in the air

Multiple Choice

What is the term for rows (horizontal) in a periodic table. There are 7 total

• Matters

• Elements

• Groups

• Periods

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a property of group 18 elements?

• malleable

• brittleness

• high electrical conductivity

• unlikely to react with other elements

Multiple Choice

Elements in the same ____________ have similar properties

• Group

• Period

• Row

• Series

Multiple Choice

Groups 3-12: These metals have a moderate range of reactivity and a wide range of properties. They are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity. They have higher densities and melting points than Groups 1 and 2.

• Transition Metals

• Alkali Metals

• Alkaline-earth Metals

• Lanthanides

• Actinides

Multiple Choice

Which element is grouped with the noble gases even though it only has its s-orbital filled?

• Hydrogen

• Krypton

• Helium

• Sodium

• Neon

Multiple Choice

Which of the following groups of elements is the most reactive?

• Halogens

• Alkaline Earth Metals

• The Noble Gases

• The Transition Metals

• The Alkali Metals

Multiple Choice

Which of the following options is not a property of the d-block elements?

• Metal

• Brittle

• Shiny

• Conduct Electricity