CS2 Unit 1: Physical and Chemical Weathering and Landforms (COT)

​Physical and Chemical Weathering and Landforms

Comprehensive Science 2 - Unit 1: Change Over Time

Multiple Choice

Tyler used solid baking soda and liquid vinegar to model a volcanic eruption. When he mixed these materials, Tyler heard a hissing sound and saw bubbles. Which of the following changes most likely occurred based on Tyler's

observations?

• The baking soda and the vinegar reacted to form a new substance.

• The baking soda became warmer, and the vinegar became cooler.

• The baking soda changed state, and the vinegar did not.

• The baking soda melted, and the vinegar evaporated.

Multiple Choice

The equation below shows the reaction that occurs when acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate are combined.

Acetic Acid + Sodium Bicarbonate → Sodium Acetate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Which of the following best compares the masses of the substances involved in this reaction?

• The mass of acetic acid equals the combined masses of sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide.

• The mass of sodium bicarbonate equals the combined masses of sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide.

• The combined masses of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate equal the combined masses of sodium acetate and water.

• The combined masses of sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid equal the combined masses of sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

When a physical or chemical change occurs, the Law of Conservation of Mass always applies. What happens to the atoms during a chemical change according to this law?

• atoms are created

• atoms are destroyed

• atoms are rearranged

• atoms are changed into charged particles

Multiple Choice

Heavy rains can wash away (erode) soil and cause mudslides. Which of the following describes what occurs with soil erosion?

• a physical change

• a chemical change

• a change in composition

• a change in chemical properties

Multiple Choice

It is not always clear when a substance undergoes a chemical change. Which of the following is most likely evidence of a chemical change?

• A substance gets smaller.

• A substance gives off heat.

• A substance changes state.

• A substance changes volume.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a chemical change?

• Water in rock openings freezing and thawing to crack open the rock

• Acid rain reacting with subsurface rocks to wear them away

• A sinkhole opening and swallowing a house

• Sediments being transported downstream by a river

Multiple Choice

Soil from a mountaintop washes downstream and is deposited elsewhere through the actions of water and time. Based the law of conservation of mass, which of the following should be true?

• The mass of the soil removed from the mountaintop will increase as the soil is deposited by the water.

• The mass of the soil removed from the mountaintop will be less than the mass of soil deposited by the water

• The mass of the soil removed from the mountaintop will be greater than the mass of soil deposited by the water

• The mass of the soil removed from the mountaintop will equal the mass of soil deposited by the water

Multiple Choice

Certain minerals in rocks are easily dissolved by water. Which of the following statements best explains why similar rocks may dissolve at different rates?

• Some of the water is warmer and therefore dissolves the minerals faster

• Some rocks are paler in color and therefore dissolve faster

• Some of the water is calmer and therefore dissolves the minerals faster

• Some rocks are harder and therefore dissolve faster

Multiple Choice

When the minerals within a rock dissolve in water, what happens to the mass of the rock?

• The mass of the rock increases because new compounds are created in the water.

• The mass of the rock decreases because the minerals are destroyed.

• The mass of the rock decreases because the minerals are now in the water.

• The mass of the rock remains unchanged because the minerals disappear.

Multiple Choice

During the water cycle, water on Earth’s surface evaporates, condenses in the air to form clouds, and then falls back to the ground as precipitation. Which of the following BEST explains the processes that happen during this cycle?

• chemical changes in the core

• chemical changes in the air

• physical changes in the crust

• physical changes in the water

Multiple Choice

A physical change affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Which of the following is NEVER the result of a physical change?

• a liquid changes state

• a new substance is created

• a solid changes shape

• a gas is observed

Multiple Choice

Chemical changes are influenced by temperature. Which of the following statements about temperature and chemical changes is correct?

• Reactions happen slower when it is cold.

• Reactions happen faster when it is cold.

• Reactions can only happen when it is hot.

• Reactions can be controlled more when it is hot.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is NOT true:

• Some chemical reactions require energy to occur.

• Some chemical reactions generate energy as heat.

• Most chemical reactions are faster at higher temperatures.

• Most chemical reactions are faster at lower temperatures.

Multiple Choice

A flash flood washes away the side of a river bank

• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Waves wash sand onto land until a beach is formed

• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Plants help prevent erosion by

• allowing soil to wash away
• holding the soil in place
• taking nutrients out of the soil
• Plants do not help prevent erosion.

Multiple Choice

This process must occur before erosion can take place.

• deposition

• abrasion

• weathering

• an earthquake

Multiple Choice

A rock sits on a river for 100 years and is worn down until it is smooth

• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

What is erosion?

• fragments of weathered rock

• is the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transport weathered materials from one location to another

• occurs when eroded materials are dropped, or laid down

• is the main force behind sudden rock falls and landslides that can change the shape of a mountain.

Multiple Choice

A mudslide dumps a large pile of mud onto a road

• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Limestone reacting with an acid (such as vinegar) is an example of 

• mechanical weathering
• chemical weathering
• erosion
• deposition

Multiple Choice

A sidewalk being cracked by tree roots is an example of

• mechanical weathering
• chemical weathering
• erosion
• deposition

Multiple Choice

What is mechanical weathering?

• Process through which rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces.
• Rocks are broken down through chemical changes.
• Rocks are worn away from acid in plant roots.
• Rocks broken down by machinery.

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of the processes?

• they all happen at the same time
• erosion, weathering, deposition
• weathering, erosion, deposition
• weathering, deposition, erosion

Multiple Choice

What is the small broken down pieces of rock called?

• dirt
• grime
• sediment
• popcorn

Multiple Choice

The following are agents of erosion EXCEPT...

• wind
• water
• ice
• fire

Multiple Choice

What is physical weathering?

• The process that breaks down rock
  through dissolving rock and chemical
  changes.
• Process by which rocks are broken down
  into smaller pieces.

Multiple Choice

What is this landform?

• lake
• peninsula
• hills
• mountain

Multiple Choice

What is a landform?

• anything on Earth

• a natural feature of the surface of Earth

• a source of water on Earth

• a man-made feature on Earth's surface

Multiple Choice

What type of landform is created by deposited material at the end of a river?

• landform

• delta

• canyon

Multiple Choice

Glaciers shape and carve away the land beneath them and can drastically reshape the landscape over hundreds or even thousands of years.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Floods and storm surges can erode land. Which landform can protect inland areas from floods and storm surges?

• deltas

• dunes

• plateaus

• rivers

Multiple Choice

Wind blows sand into the desert where it collects in giant piles called sand dunes

• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Earth's surface is constantly changing and new landforms are constantly taking shape due to natural processes. Which landform is most likely caused by deposition?

• caves

• deltas

• lakes

• valleys

Multiple Choice

One type of lakes that can be found in Florida is perfectly round in shape. These lakes are formed when the acid in groundwater dissolves limestone underground, forming a cave. Eventually, the cave roof weakens and collapses and then the cave fills with water. Which of the following is this type of landform called?

• an oxbow lake

• a volcanic lake

• a sinkhole lake

• a glacial lake

Multiple Choice

An area of permeable layer of rock or soil that holds a large amount of water in the saturated zone is called what?

• Aquifer
• Spring
• Well
• Reservoir

Multiple Choice

small islands made of sediment called deltas form at the end of rivers

• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Sand dunes can have many shapes and sizes. How is a natural sand dune formed?

• Windblown sand piles up on an open beach.

• Windblown sand is trapped by beach grass or other objects.

• Sand is washed up on shore from the ocean and forms hills.

• Animals push sand into small hills as they burrow along a beach.

Multiple Choice

Caves being formed by acid rain dissolving underground limestone

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition