Ecology Test Make-Up

Ecology Unit

Re-take Test

As ice caps melt, ocean levels rise. This means that the homes of many people around the world are at risk. It also changes the chemistry of the ocean, endangering wildlife.

Melting Ice and Rising Oceans

​Warmer temperatures mean that more water evaporates into the atmosphere. More extreme weather patterns such as hurricanes, blizzards, droughts, etc. are becoming more commmon.

Worsening Storms

Species that cannot adapt to rising temperatures will go extinct. Polar Bears are one example of a species that is at risk.

Endangered Species

Climate Change is an abiotic factor with huge impacts! - burning fossil fuels has gradually increased global temperatures.

.

Drag and Drop

NON-living parts of an ecosystem are collectively called ​ ​

Placeholder

factors. Living (once living) parts of an ecosystem are collectively called ​

Placeholder

factors.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

ABIOTIC

BIOTIC

AUTOTROPHIC

HETEROTROPHIC

SYMBIOTIC

ECOLOGICAL

Categorize

Options (8)

Predators

Mushrooms

Grass

Rabbits

Temperature

Soil Quality

Rainfall

Sunlight

Organize these options into the right categories

Biotic Factors

Abiotic Factors

Multiple Choice

Even though polar bears are excellent swimmers, they rely on ice to hunt seals. While they also eat fish, the seals are the main food because their blubber is an excellent source of energy. The graph shows how their population has changed over time. What change to their ecosystem has likely had the biggest impact to their population over time?

• Climate change melting sea ice.

• An increase in the amount of snowfall in the polar bear's environment.

• Expanding ice caps have spread out the polar bear population, making it hard for them to find mates.

• The seals have migrated to the south pole, leaving them without their main food source.

​Ecosystems are organized into different levels.

Match

Match the following

• An area that includes all the biotic and abiotic parts.

• This includes two or more populations that live in the same area.

• A single individual living thing.

• A group of organisms of the same species living in a given area.

• large region characterized by similar climate, plant and animal species

Ecosystem

Community

Organism

Population

Biome

• Ecosystem

• Community

• Organism

• Population

• Biome

Match

Match the following

• organism

• population

• community

• ecosystem

the bird

the 4 rabbits

the rabbits, bird, tree, and cacti

the whole picture shows this

• the bird

• the 4 rabbits

• the rabbits, bird, tree, and cacti

• the whole picture shows this

• ​Producers (also called autotrophs) make their own food.

• Many like plants and algae use photosynthesis and convert energy from the sun into sugars.

• Producers without access to sunlight make energy molecules using chemicals in their environment using chemosynthesis.

Consumers , or heterotrophs,

eat other organisms for energy.

​Many fungi like mushrooms are decomposers, along with different insects and bacteria.

Multiple Select

Which TWO descriptors could apply to the term "heterotroph"

• consumer

• herbivore

• decomposer

• producer

Multiple Select

Which TWO descriptors could apply to producers?

• an organism that makes food in its own cells.

• autotroph

• heterotroph

• carnivore or omnivore

Match

Match the following types of consumers to their descriptions:

• Carnivore

• Omnivore

• Herbivore

• scavenger

captures and eats other consumers

captures and eats other consumers and producers

captures and eats producers

eats already dead organisms

• captures and eats other consumers

• captures and eats other consumers and producers

• captures and eats producers

• eats already dead organisms

Niche =

job or role that an organism fulfills.

Habitat = environment where a species lives.

Habitat vs. Niche

One organism, a predator hunts and eats another organism referred to as prey.

​​Predation

• Two organisms of different species, or withina population, compete for resources.

• Resources: food, water, space, mates, sunlight, etc.

​​Competition

​Ecological Relationships

• win/win.

• Both organisms benefit in some way.

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

• win/meh.

• One organism benefits, the other is unaffected.

• win/lose.

• A parasite benefits and its host is harmed.

​Types of Symbiosis

Match

Match the following

• Niche

• Habitat

• Symbiosis

The job or role an organism plays in its environment

Environment where an organism lives.

A close relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits.

• The job or role an organism plays in its environment

• Environment where an organism lives.

• A close relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits.

Match

Match the following

• Predation

• Competition

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

polar bears hunt and eat seals

cardinals and bluebirds both eat earthworms

a hummingbird pollinates a flower, helping it reproduce, an gets nectar for food.

An eagle builds a nest in a tree.

tapeworm makes humans sick by stealing nutrients from its digestive tract.

• polar bears hunt and eat seals

• cardinals and bluebirds both eat earthworms

• a hummingbird pollinates a flower, helping it reproduce, an gets nectar for food.

• An eagle builds a nest in a tree.

• tapeworm makes humans sick by stealing nutrients from its digestive tract.

Match

Match the following

• Predation

• Competition

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

a predator hunts and eats prey

two organisms in a species need the same food source.

symbiotic relationship where both species benefit

symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other isn't affected.

symbiotic relationship where a parasite harms a host species.

• a predator hunts and eats prey

• two organisms in a species need the same food source.

• symbiotic relationship where both species benefit

• symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other isn't affected.

• symbiotic relationship where a parasite harms a host species.

Multiple Choice

Two species of birds build their nests in the same tree. They also have the same predators and food sources. Which of the following would likely increase competition between these two birds?

• Deforestation

• Increasing predator species.

• A new food source

• Increasing temperatures.

Multiple Select

Which TWO STATEMENTS likely explains why the rabbit population started to rapidly decrease after 64 years?

• There was a dramatic decrease in the plant population.

• There was a small increase in its predator population.

• There was a sharp decrease in its predator population.

• There was a huge increase in the plant population.

Multiple Choice

The green line shows how a prey species has changed over time. The blue line shows how their predator population has changed over time. There is a sharp decease in the predator population around the 55 year mark. Why did this happen?

• There was a rise in its predator population.

• A few years before, the prey species had started declining.

• The answer cannot be determined from this graph.

• A disease wiped out the prey population completely.

​We can show predator/prey and competition relationships using food chains.

The arrows show the flow of energy, so they always point to the predator. These chains always start with a producer which gets its energy from the sun (photosynthesis) or chemosynthesis, and is recycled by decomposers.

​Food chains can be combined into food webs, which show multiple paths for energy to flow within an ecosystem.

We can learn a lot from energy pyramids.

• The amount of space in each section reflects the amount of energy and individuals at each level.

• Therefore, producers always have the most energy and individuals, and top predators have the least.

• 90% of energy at each level is used or given off as heat.

• Only 10% moves up each level.

Match

We use lots of different models to explain how energy flows in an ecosystem. Match each type to its example.

Food Chain

Energy Pyramid

Food Web

• Food Chain

• Energy Pyramid

• Food Web

Hotspot

Which of the following are producers in this food web?

Hotspot

Which organisms are primary consumers?

Multiple Select

Which organisms are secondary consumers?

• grasshopper

• bacteria

• lizard

• tarantala

• cactus

Multiple Select

Which organisms are carnivores?

• grasshopper

• bacteria

• lizard

• rattlesnake

• cactus

Multiple Select

Which organisms are herbivores?

• rabbit

• cactus

• lizard

• grasshopper

• bacteria

Multiple Choice

Which organism is a decomposer?

• rabbit

• cactus

• lizard

• grass

• bacteria

Drag and Drop

​ ​

Placeholder

are always found at the bottom of the energy pyramid. ​ ​

Placeholder

are found at the very top.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Producers

Tertiary Consumers

Secondary Consumers

Primary Consumers

Multiple Choice

Which organism would be at the bottom of the energy pyramid?

• sun

• kelp

• sea urchins

• crabs

• arctic foxes

Drag and Drop

Most of the energy in a trophic level, specifically ​

Placeholder

%, is ​

Placeholder

or lost as ​

Placeholder

. Only ​

Placeholder

% is passed up the food chain.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

90

used

heat

10

50

75

25

food

growth

Multiple Choice

Where does all energy in an ecosystem come from?

• Producers

• Primary Consumers

• Secondary Consumers

• Sun

• Tertiary Consumers

Multiple Choice

One season, there was a shortage of producers in a food web. As a result, the number of frogs and snakes decreased. The reason that both the deer and wolf populations declined is that ...

• producers are not as important as consumers in a food web

• populations tend to stay constant in a food web

• organisms in this food chain are independent

• more producers than consumers are needed to support the food web