F4 Core 1 Unit 1.4 Tectonic hazards

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Plates move

• Pressure builds up

• When pressure exceeds the strength of rock

• Rock breaks

• Energy releases

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

What are (i), (ii), (iii)?

Match

Match the following

• (i)

• (ii)

• (iii)

Seismic wave

epicentre

focus

• Seismic wave

• epicentre

• focus

Open Ended

Which place may have the slightest destruction? Why?

Multiple Choice

At which type of plate boundaries are earthquakes stronger and more frequent? Why?

• convergent

• divergent

• transform

Multiple Select

Why are tsunamis less frequent and less serious in the Indian and Atlantic Ocean?

Q1. Do you still remember how tsunamis are triggered?

• submarine earthquake

• submarine volcanic eruption

• submarine/coastal landslide

• flooding

Multiple Choice

Why are tsunamis less frequent and less serious in the Indian and Atlantic Ocean?

Q2. Where do earthquakes and volcanic eruptions most frequently occur?

• along convergent plate boundaries

• along divergent plate boundaries

• along transform plate boundaries

Multiple Choice

Why are tsunamis less frequent and less serious in the Indian and Atlantic Ocean?

Q3. What kind of plate boundary is found in the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean?

• along convergent plate boundaries

• along divergent plate boundaries

• along transform plate boundaries

Multiple Choice

P.62 Q1

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.63 Q2

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.67 Q1

• A

• B

• C

• D

​火山碎屑

Multiple Choice

P.70 Q1

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.70 Q2

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.67 Q2

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.68 Q3

• A

• B

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• D

Past paper exercise

Multiple Choice

p.2 2005 CE Q24

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.5 2007 CE Q39 (hot spot)

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.5 2007 CE Q41

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.7 2007 CE Q45

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.8 2008 CE Q12

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.9 2008 CE Q15

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.9 2008 CE Q16

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.9 2008 CE Q17

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.10 2009 CE Q14

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.11 2009 CE Q15

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.12 2010 CE Q39

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.13 Sample Paper DSE Q22

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.13 Sample Paper DSE Q23

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.19 2013 DSE Q10

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.22 2015 DSE Q9

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.22 2015 DSE Q10

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.26 2017 DSE Q10 (hot spot)

• A

• B

• C

• D

PP Q1b: Explain how the tectonic hazard changes with time and space.

Match

Explain how tectonic hazard occurs at region B.

• Tectonic hazard (volcanic eruption) occurs at Region B is caused by hot spot.

• Ruptures of the crust over the hot spot produced  submarine volcano when lava extrudes, cools and solidifies.

• After repeated eruption

• The volcano grows gradually above the sea level.

1

2

3

4

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

DBQ PP Q1b

​•Tectonic hazard (volcanic eruption) occurs at Region B is caused by hot spot.

•Ruptures of the crust over the hot spot produces submarine volcano when lava extrudes, cools and solidifies.

•After repeated eruption, the volcano grows gradually above the sea level.

DBQ PP Q1b

•Since the hot spot is of fixed location.

•When the Pacific Plate moves in a northwest direction, it carries away the volcano that formed above the hot spot.

•This volcano becomes extinct while new volcano is formed at the SE of the extinct volcano.

•Thus, the oldest volcano is found at NW while the youngest one is at SE.

DBQ 2015 Q1

Spatial distribution 空間分佈 = where?

Open Ended

Describe the spatial distribution of the epicentres. (3 marks)

Open Ended

Give one similarity of the causes of tsunami at X and Y.

​They are both caused by earthquake.
They are both caused by plate movement/near plate boundaries.

Look at the locations of epicentres again. Find out the difference.

Open Ended

Look at the locations of epicentres again. Find out the difference.

The epicentre of the earthquake at X is located at the seafloor while that at Y is on land.

Look at the plate boundary again. Find out the difference.

Open Ended

Look at the plate boundaries again. Find out the difference.

Plates near X collide with each other while those at Y slide past each other.

Open Ended

Are there any other differences in the causes?

DBQ 2012 Q1a

Multiple Choice

(a)(i) Refer to Figure 1a, Table 1b and Photograph 1c. Name the hazard.

• earthquake

• volcanic eruption

• tsunami

Multiple Choice

(a)(ii) Refer to Figure 1a, Table 1b and Photograph 1c.

With reference to the theory of plate tectonics, explain the occurrence of the above hazard.

(1) Identify the type of plate boundary.

• Destructive / Convergent

• Constructive / Divergent

• Conservative / Transform

Multiple Choice

(a)(ii) Refer to Figure 1a, Table 1b and Photograph 1c.

With reference to the theory of plate tectonics, explain the occurrence of the above hazard.

(1) Along conservative plate boundary, (2) ____________ Plate and __________ Plate slide past each other.

• North American Plate and South American Plate

• Caribbean Plate and South American Plate

• Caribbean Plate and North American Plate

Match

(a)(ii) Refer to Figure 1a, Table 1b and Photograph 1c.

With reference to the theory of plate tectonics, explain the occurrence of the above hazard.

(1) Along conservative plate boundary, (2) Caribbean Plate and North American Plate slide past each other.

• Great pressure exerts on the rock

• stress accumulates within the rock

• When stress exceeds the limit of the rock

• rock breaks

• energy releases

3

4

5

6

7

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

​Core 1 Past paper Practice [causes of hazards]

2012DSE Q1a

​ai/ earthquake

aii/ Explain the occurrence of earthquake:

• along transform plate boundary

• ​where Caribbean Plate and North American Plate slide past each other

• great pressure is then exerted on the rock

• ​stress builds up in the rock

• ​when stress exceeds the strength of the rock

• ​rock breaks and displaces

• Energy releases​ in form of seismic waves

​Core 1 Past paper Practice [causes of hazards]

2018DSE Q1a

​Core 1 Past paper Practice [causes of hazards]

PPDSE Q1a (iii)

​Core 1 Past paper Practice [causes of hazards]

2017DSE Q1a

​ai/ major volcanoes are found ....

aii/ Formation of volcano X

..........................................................................​

Formation of volcano Y

..........................................................................

[Compare --> find out similarities and differences]​

​Core 1 Past paper Practice [causes of hazards]

2015DSE Q1a, bi

Class work:

Past Paper Practice

2018 Q1a, PP Q1aiii, 2017 Q1a, 2015 Q1a, bi