Energy and Life

Topic 3 : The Cellular Energy

Sub-topic 3.1 : Energy and Life

This topic will help the students to understand how organisms prepare and circulate energy in the body cells and between organisms.

Energy is the ability to do work.

Students will master the skills to explain that plants make energy and store as ATP.

Expectations after lesson

3.1.1  Recognize the role of ATP in the cell

3.1.2  Identify, using a diagram, the structures of ADP and ATP

3.1.3  Describe, using visuals, how ATP can easily release and store energy by breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups

3.1.4  Classify organisms into heterotrophs and autotrophs based on how they get the energy to produce ATP

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Lab 6: Quick Lab - How Do Organisms Capture and Use Energy?

Block - Tuesday

Learning Objectives

Starter: Class Disussion

Saving for a Rainy Day

Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. You open up

a bank account in order to save your money. Your body acts similar to a

bank account—you can “deposit” and “store” energy.

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What might your body do when it has more energy than it needs to carry

out its activities?

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What does your body do when it needs energy?​

Open Ended

Answer the discussion question.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy.​

ATP

Hydrolysis or Phosphorylation / Condensation

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Reactions

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has two phosphate groups instead of three.​

ADP

A diagram demonstrating how hydrolysis reactions help quickly break down ATP, while condensation reactions help quickly resynthesize ATP.

Relation between ATP and ADP

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the structure of an ATP molecule?

• An ATP molecule is composed of a ribose sugar, an adenine nitrogenous base, and three phosphate groups.

• An ATP molecule is composed of a deoxyribose sugar, an adenine nitrogenous base, and two phosphate groups.

• An ATP molecule is composed of a hexose sugar, three adenine nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate group.

• An ATP molecule is composed of a glucose molecule, three adenine nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate group.

Open Ended

Define the term hydrolysis and condensation.

A condensation reaction is a reaction that joins molecules in a chemical bond and results in the formation and release of a water molecule.

Hydrolysis is a reaction that breaks down the chemical bonds between molecules via the addition of a water molecule.

​Hydrolysis vs Condensation

Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule.

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Organisms that make their own food are autotrophs.

Autotroph

Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things are heterotrophs.

Heterotroph​

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Open Ended

Write THREE roles of ATP in the cells.

Role of ATP in cell

1. ATP is the stored form of energy in the cell.

2. ATP is used in the active transport of the cell.

3. ATP provides energy to the sodium potassium pump working in the cell membrane.

4. Energy stored in the ATP enables the cell to move.​

5. ATP provide power to motor proteins in the muscles that enable them to contract.

6. ATP helps in the movement of cilia and flagella.

7. ATP help in the protein synthesis process​

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Open Ended

AFL - Summarize the points that you have studied in the lesson now.

Multiple Choice

Energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it 

• has a phosphate group removed
• stores and extra phosphate group
• converts a phosphate group to ADP
• produces a sugar molecule

Multiple Choice

Why are mushrooms considered heterotrophs?

• Mushrooms make their own food
• Mushrooms feed through photosynthesis
• Mushrooms trap sunlight to make food

• Mushrooms can not make their own food and eat on others.

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between ATP and ADP?

• ADP powers movement, while ATP does not
• ATP has three phosphates; ADP has two
• ATP contains adenine and ribose, while ADP does not
• ATP has less energy than ADP

Multiple Choice

Organisms that make their own food are called

• heterotrophs
• autotrophs
• homotrophs
• polytrophs

Multiple Choice

Energy is released upon the conversion of 

• AMP to ADP
• ADP to ATP
• ATP to ADP
• ATP to AZP

Multiple Choice

One way cells use the energy provided by ATP is to 

• carry out active transport
• carry out diffusion
• remove two phosphate groups
• carry out osmosis

Multiple Choice

Organisms that obtain their energy from consuming other living things examples are animals fungi absorbs decomposing organisms

• Heterotrophs
• Autotrophs

Multiple Choice

Organisms that can capture energy from the sunlight to use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds examples are plants Alake and some bacteria

• Autotrophs
• Heterotrophs

Key Points

Virtual Lab

Lab 6: Quick Lab

How Do Organisms Capture and Use Energy?

Euglena is a unicellular, freshwater organisms that are very common in ponds and small bodies of water, especially if they are rich in nutrients Euglena itself is sometimes photosynthetic and is a component of the green sludge in such ponds.

Euglena has chloroplast.

Euglena

Open Ended

Answer Question 1 - Identify Patterns What pattern do you observe in the distribution of Euglena in the two test tubes?

Open Ended

Answer Question 2 - Construct an Explanation How could the pattern you observed in Euglena behavior be useful or beneficial to the organism? Propose a logical explanation.

Open Ended

Answer Question 3 - Apply Scientific Reasoning Euglena can also live heterotrophically. If you repeated the experiment with test tubes of Euglena that also contained a food source, do you think the

results of your experiment would be the same? Explain your reasoning.

Match

Match the following to conclude the lesson.

• Autotroph

• Heterotroph

• ATP and ADP

• Role of ATP

Reaction X is hydrolysis.

Organisms can make their own food by photosynthesis

they obtain energy by eating other organisms

the major difference between these is the phosphate group

A quick source of energy that help in body functions

• Reaction X is hydrolysis.

• Organisms can make their own food by photosynthesis

• they obtain energy by eating other organisms

• the major difference between these is the phosphate group

• A quick source of energy that help in body functions