Unit 3b Notes: Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Unit 3b: Electric Charge and Static Electricity

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How do charges interact?

Types of Charge

​An atom is made of

1. Protons- positive charge

2. Neutrons- neutral charge

3. Electrons​- negative charge

How Do Charges Interact?

Charges that are the SAME repel away from each other.

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Charges that are OPPOSITE attract to each other.​

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​How does this sound familiar?

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MAGNETS!​

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​Example: Negative charges (electrons) attract to Positive charges (protons).

Multiple Choice

If 2 protons were next to each other what would they do?

• attract

• repel

• be friends

• explode

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct pairing.

• Electron-negative

  Proton- positive

• Electron- Positive

  Proton- Negative

Electricity

Electricity- the interaction between electric charges

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Electric force- the force between charged objects​

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Electric Fields

Electric Fields- a region around a charged object, it extends around the object

Multiple Choice

What is electricity?

• a zap

• the interaction between electric charges

• the interaction of molecules

• magic

How do charges build up?

Most objects have no overall charge, meaning they have the same amount of electrons and protons.

An uncharged object can become charged by gaining or losing electrons.

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A gain is electrons= MORE NEGATIVE

A loss of electrons= MORE POSITIVE​

Static Electricity

Static Electricity- the build up of charges on an object.

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Multiple Choice

How does an object become more NEGATIVELY charged?

• gains electrons

• loses electrons

​Charging Objects

Law of Conservation of Charge- states that charges are neither created or destroyed

​An object cannot become charged by creating or destroying electrons. If one object loses electrons, another object must pick them up.

How to charge an object:

There are 4 ways an object can redistribute its charge:

• Friction- rubbing objects against each other

• Conduction- transfer of electrons by direct contact

• Induction- charges transfer without touching, electrons easily move out of the atom

• Polarization- ​electrons move only within their own atoms

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 ways objects can be charged?

• Friction

  Conduction

  Gravity

  Velocity

• Friction

  Induction

  Observation

  Heat

• Friction

  Conduction

  Induction

  Polarization

Static Discharge

Static discharge- the loss of static electricity as charges are transferred to other objects

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• often produces a spark due to moving electrons producing heat​

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTPq0mNS0-0​

Multiple Choice

What causes a spark during static discharge?

• electrons generating heat

• Kevin from Home Alone

• friciton

• gravity