Sentence Structures
Presentation
•
English
•
12th Grade
•
Hard
Irina Postelnicu
Used 2+ times
FREE Resource
63 Slides • 54 Questions
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a dependent clause?
while the girl is sitting on the sofa to wait for her friend
after leaving her luggage behind, the girl slept
because of the storm, her flight got cancelled
she sings while answering the test
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Multiple Choice
The following are examples of an independent clause EXCEPT:
the girl wept
Harold took an oath
she made a mistake and apologized
even though the people saw the young man struggling with his luggage
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following contains a subordinate clause?
Doing something in bare minimum will not achieve anything whatever your dream may be.
He still proceeded with the plan even if most of the group opposed the idea.
The young girl whose wallet got lost had her bag misplaced as well.
Whoever got in here first must have been really hungry. Look at these empty plates!
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following contains a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE?
Hailey went to the city and stayed there for a week.
I always hear complaints from people who have interacted with you.
She rushed to school after taking a bath.
I always remember my childhood whenever this song plays.
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Multiple Choice
The following are subordinating conjunctions EXCEPT:
how
than
after
that
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19
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a RELATIVE CLAUSE?
after the boy left the village
whatever someone does, always give the benefit of the doubt
since the old lady came to the village
which blocked the toilet is my sibling's
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a RELATIVE CLAUSE?
before the sun sets
wherever the taxes go
unless you feel unsafe
as the animals get older
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Multiple Choice
The following sentences contain a relative pronoun EXCEPT:
Wherever you go, always remember to behave properly.
The boy who sits on the far end of the bleachers is my friend.
The girl whose bicycle got stolen just bought a new motorbike.
She laughed at the theater as though no one else was there.
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Multiple Choice
The following is a relative pronoun EXCEPT:
who
since
which
that
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a simple sentence?
The dog ran fast as it chased the cat.
I have no idea that that breaks easily.
I wish I could but I can't.
The blue-eyed cat on the window got so excited at the sight of his furry friend.
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Multiple Choice
The following are simple sentences EXCEPT:
Sleeping over is one of the best experiences I had so far.
I forgot to submit my assignment in English.
I watched the series until my eyes hurt.
The steak I received was not tender at all.
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Multiple Choice
The following is a characteristic of a simple sentence EXCEPT:
has a dependent clause
is an independent clause
has a complete thought
All answers are correct.
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Commas
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The comma is a powerful tool
For a small punctuation mark, the comma does lots of different jobs. Work through the following slides and questions to check your knowledge.
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Commas separate things in a list
- Commas can break up lists of three or more things.
- Put a comma after each item in the list.
- When you get to the end of your list you don't need a comma because you can use 'and' or 'or' instead.
For example,
I went shopping for eggs, bread, milk and chocolate.
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Multiple Choice
Which sentence uses the commas correctly?
I play netball basketball hockey and football.
I play netball, basketball, hockey, football.
I play netball, basketball, hockey and football.
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Commas can join two sentences
- Two simple sentences (also called 'clauses') can be joined by using a joining word and a comma.
- Joining words are words like 'and', 'but' and 'so'.
- The comma is added before the joining word.
For example
I have to leave. I can't find my coat.
I have to leave, but I can't find my coat.
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The comma is helpful, but don't expect it to hold the weight of two full sentences on its own!
If you have two complete sentences that you want to join together, don't just put a comma between them.
For example,
I like to dance, Caroline likes to sing.
You need to add a joining word or a different punctuation mark.
I like to dance, and Caroline likes to sing.
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Multiple Select
Tick the sentences where the comma and the joining word have been used correctly.
I love dogs, but I'm allergic to cats.
The road is closed so, I need to take the train.
I have a sister, and she is really funny.
It's cold today, so I'll wear a scarf.
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Don't let your sentences run away with you!
If you have two sentences but you don't use any punctuation or words to link them, this is called a 'run-on' sentence. Avoid this in your own writing.
For example,
Jenny ran the race well she came third overall. X
Jenny ran the race well, and she came third overall. CORRECT!
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Multiple Select
Below is a 'run-on sentence'. Tick all of the correct alternative options from the list.
She had pasta I had pizza.
She had pasta, but I had pizza.
She had pasta. I had pizza.
She had pasta, although I pizza.
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Commas can separate extra information
- Extra information in a sentence can be separated using commas.
- Extra information adds detail, but you don't need it for the sentence to make sense.
For example,
The cat, who had a long tail, was really fluffy.
(If you took the extra information away, the sentence would still make sense. 'The cat was really fluffy.'
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Multiple Select
Tick the sentences where the comma has correctly separated extra information.
The house which was old, had a leaking roof.
My car, although covered in rust, is blue.
Sam, who was my best friend in primary school, moved away
The film, which has lots of violence, is not suitable for children.
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Commas can add extra information at the beginning of a sentence
Sometimes extra information can come at the start or end of a sentence.
When the extra information comes at the start of a sentence, you can use a comma.
For example
When she made the joke, everyone in the room laughed.
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Multiple Select
Tick the sentences where the extra information and comma has been used correctly.
Although she was shy, Danni loved to dance.
When he went bowling, he got the highest score!
Whilst at the garage, Debby decided to get her car cleaned.
When it gets to the end of the day the children like to play games.
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Commas introduce speech in writing
Commas are used to introduce speech when writing.
For example,
The director shouted, 'Action!'
Tom asked, 'please can I have some help?'
When the sentence continues after the speech, you'll need to use another comma.
The director shouted, 'Action', and the actors began the scene.
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Multiple Select
Tick the sentences where the speech has been correctly introduced with a comma.
I shouted at him 'I'm not happy about this!'
Gary said, 'I really like Game of Thrones.'
Angel answered, 'I have no idea!'
She asked, 'can you help me move this table?'
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following are commas NOT used for?
Separating items in a list
Introducing a list
Introducing direct speech
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Multiple Select
Is the comma used correctly in the following sentence?
The cat sat, on the mat.
Yes
No
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Multiple Select
Is the comma used correctly in the next sentence?
We bought cakes, rolls and a doughnut at the bakery.
Yes
No
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Semicolons in Series
Use ; when the item that you are listing already has a comma in it
Example: Whittier, California
City, State
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Semicolons in Series
Dates are also separated by a comma
February 22, 2021
Monday, February 22nd.
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Multiple Choice
Which one is separated correctly?
Parent conferences are on Thursday, February 18; Friday, February 19; and Monday, February 22.
Parent conferences are on Thursday; February 18. Friday; February 19. and Monday; February 22.
Parent conferences are on Thursday; February 18; Friday; February 19; and Monday; February 22.
Parent conferences are on Thursday, February 18; Friday, February 19, and Monday, February 22.
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Multiple Choice
Where should the semi-colon be placed?
Dad is going bald his hair is getting thinner and thinner.
getting;
bald;
hair;
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Multiple Choice
Insert the correct punctuation.
Zadie Smith is a writer who grew up in London ____ she is best known for her award-winning novel 'White Teeth'.
comma
semi-colon
colon
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Multiple Choice
It was really cold last week ___ however, it's been in the 60s the last few days.
Semicolon
Colon
Hyphen
Comma
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Multiple Choice
If I don't study for this test, I'm not going to do well __ if I don't do well, I will cry.
Semicolon
Colon
Comma
Full stop
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Multiple Choice
Where does the colon go?
I need to go to the gas station the tank is on empty.
no : needed
gas: station
go: to
station: the
tank: is
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Multiple Choice
Where does the colon go?
I went shopping for tires, soap, and jelly.
no : needed
shopping: for
tires: soap
went: shopping
soap: and
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Multiple Choice
Where does the colon go?
Annie's singing is stuck in my head "The sun will come out tomorrow!"
no : needed
stuck: in
head: "The
sun: will
singing: is
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Multiple Choice
Where does the colon go?
School is usually dismissed at 324 in the afternoon.
no : needed
dismissed: at
usually: dismissed
3:24
the: afternoon
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Multiple Choice
Where does the semicolon go?
I like dogs however, I hate the way they smell.
no ; needed
dogs; however
way; they
however; I
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Multiple Choice
Where does the semicolon go?
The play was short but fantastic.
no ; needed
play; was
was; short
but; fantastic
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Multiple Choice
Where does the semicolon go?
The barn is really small only one tractor fits inside it.
no ; needed
really; small
small; only
tractor; fits
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Multiple Select
Where do the semicolons go?
My family is filled with artists. There is my sister, who is a pianist my brother, who is a sculptor and my mother, who is a painter.
no ; needed
filled; with
pianist; my
sculptor; and
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Multiple Choice
The fuel gauge provided a reading only for the standard tank. Not any of the auxiliary fuel tanks.
NO CHANGE
tank; not any of the
tank, so not any of the
tank, not any of the
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Explanation Slide...
Use the comma to attach an additional detail at the end of the sentence. Also, notice how A and B provide the same answer? That means you can rule both out.
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Multiple Choice
Dinosaur fossils unearthed in the mid-1990s in China may prove, once and for all, that birds are the direct descendants of dinosaurs.
NO CHANGE
prove once, and for all
prove: once and for all
prove once and for all,
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Multiple Choice
Our daughter, Clare recently celebrated her second birthday.
NO CHANGE
Our daughter Clare recently
Our daughter Clare. Recently
Our daughter Clare, recently
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Explanation Slide...
No comma necessary - the name "Clare" is an essential part of the sentence since we don't know which daughter the sentence refers to.
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Multiple Choice
My husband and I would swear that in the midst of the party. Sometime between the blowing out of the candles and the last tumbling round of Ring-Around-the-Rosie, it happened.
NO CHANGE
party, sometime between
party sometime between
party; sometime between
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Explanation Slide...
The sentence includes a long non-essential phrase that ends with the word "Rosie." Since there's a comma at the end of the phrase, we also need one at the beginning of the phrase.
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Multiple Choice
Literary critics are often less interested, in any particular book or writer than they are in placing groups of books and writers into facile categories.
NO CHANGE
often - less interested - in
often less interested in
often less interested. In
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Explanation Slide...
No punctuation necessary... the underlined portion is simply part of the natural flow of a single sentence.
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Multiple Choice
The categories - once accepted - may cause the exclusion of various writers, often women and minorities, from the mainstream.
NO CHANGE
categories once accepted
categories; once accepted
categories, once accepted
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Explanation Slide...
"once accepted" is an interrupting phrase. Since there's already a dash at the end, use a dash at the beginning of the phrase as well.
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Multiple Choice
Excited, and laughing people run for cover, but once under shelter turn and stand in the open doorways to watch raindrops spatter the dusty ground.
NO CHANGE
Excited, and laughing, people
Excited and laughing; people
Excited and laughing, people
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Explanation Slide...
"Excited and laughing" is an introductory phrase. Use a comma to attach it to the main, independent clause that starts with the subject "people".
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Multiple Choice
Extending from the tail is a peacocklike fan of feathers, other feathers form fringes under the arms.
NO CHANGE
of feathers; other feathers
of feathers - other feathers -
of feathers other feathers
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Explanation Slide...
Like a period (.) use a semicolon (;) to combine two complete sentences.
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Multiple Choice
Almost overnight the land too turns greenish. One week, seeds are sown in bare patches behind the villagers’ houses.
NO CHANGE
greenish, one
greenish one
greenish (one
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Explanation Slide...
Use a period to combine two complete sentences.
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Multiple Choice
Thanks to the fine-grained sediments in which the animals were buried 150 million years ago scientists today are able to see the anatomy of the two specimens in stunning detail.
NO CHANGE
150 million years, ago scientists
150 million years ago, scientists
150 million years ago; scientists
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Explanation Slide...
This sentence is a D, I.
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Multiple Choice
There was no radio either, no way for Markham to communicate with the outside world.
NO CHANGE
either, because it’s
either. It’s a
DELETE the underlined portion
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Explanation Slide...
Use a comma to attach a clarifying detail to the end of a complete sentence.
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Multiple Choice
Since, there were other obstacles. Rain squalls and clouds low over the water on the day of Markham’s departure made several other flyers postpone their trips.
NO CHANGE
There’s were other obstacles.
When it came to other obstacles, they were there.
There were other obstacles, too.
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Explanation Slide...
Since there is a period after "obstacles," we need a complete sentence before it. Only option D creates a full independent clause.
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Multiple Choice
This message, though, was clearly too dangerous a crew came to sandblast the graffiti from the sidewalk the very next day.
NO CHANGE
dangerous but a
dangerous: a
dangerous, a
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Explanation Slide...
Use a colon (:) to combine two complete sentences AND to introduce a clarifying detail.
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Multiple Choice
Those artists who look good on camera have a greater chance of success than those who do not, examples are not difficult to find.
NO CHANGE
not. Examples
not examples
not - examples -
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Explanation Slide...
Use a period to combine two complete sentences.
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Multiple Choice
The critics not the writers are the ones concerned with literary categories.
NO CHANGE
critics not - the writers - are
critics, not the writers, are
critics not the writers: are
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Explanation Slide...
Place commas around the interrupting phrase "not the writers."
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Multiple Choice
Angered by the charges. Defenders of music videos claim that this art form is still in its infancy.
NO CHANGE
charges. These defenders of music
charges people who are the defenders of music
charges, defenders of music
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Explanation Slide...
Use a comma to attach an introductory element to the beginning of a complete sentence.
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Multiple Choice
Anthropologists - whom prefer to draw their conclusions from the fossils they gather in the field are particularly skeptical of this genetically based hypothesis.
NO CHANGE
field. They are particularly
field and are particularly
field - are particularly
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Explanation Slide...
Use a dash ( - ) at the end of the interrupting phrase since it begins with a dash.
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Multiple Choice
For hundreds of year, the natives have become especially dependent on willow bark, an ingredient in many of their medicines.
NO CHANGE
willow bark being an ingredient
willow bark that is an ingredient
willow bark; an ingredient
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Explanation Slide...
Use a comma to place a non-essential phrase at the end of the complete sentence.
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Multiple Choice
The grain of the wood changes from board to board knots and other such imperfections should have been easily found.
NO CHANGE
board. Knots and other such
board, knots and other such
board knots - and other such -
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Explanation Slide...
Use a period to combine two complete sentences.
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Multiple Choice
Some say that the feathers provided an extra layer of insulation as added protection from the wet or cold.
NO CHANGE
provided. An extra layer of
provided; an extra layer of
provided (an extra layer) of
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Explanation Slide...
No punctuation necessary - this is all one, complete, un-interrupted sentence!
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