ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE BH 502

​ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

​Learning Objectives

Define what is culture?

​

Identify the different cultural ​categories and dimensions.

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Open Ended

What is culture?

​Culture

​pertains to the customary beliefs, social forms, and

material traits of a racial, religious, or social group. It also refers to a set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and

practices that characterizes an institution or organization.

Multiple Choice

This expresses the core values the primary or dominant values accepted throughout the organization that gives the organization its distinct personality.

• Dominant Culture

• Culture

• Subcultures

Multiple Choice

This are mini cultures within an organization, typically defined by department designations and geographical separation tend to develop in large organizations in response to common problems or experiences a group of members faces in the same department or location.

• Dominant Culture

• Culture

• Subcultures

Multiple Select

Functions of Culture

Culture defines the rules of the game in an organization.

You can choose more than one.

• It conveys a sense of identity for organization members.

• It has a boundary-defining role: it creates distinctions between organizations.

• It facilitates commitment to something larger than self-interest.

• It enhances the stability of the social system.

Multiple Choice

Organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared.

• Virtual Culture

• Weak culture

• Service Culture

• Strong Culture

​Dimensions of organizational climate have been studied, including innovation, creativity, communication,

warmth and support, involvement, safety, justice, diversity, and customer service. There are several findings

managers can use to improve their organizational design and team-building plans (Robbins & Judge, 2018).

​Cultural Categories and Dimensions

​Problems Arising from Relationships with Other People

​The concept of self: individualism versus collectivism

​One of the basic cultural differences in society is the extent of individualism compared to collectivism.

o In an individualistic culture, the individual puts their needs before those of the group.

​In a collectivist culture, a person’s identity depends on the individual’s role in the group, whether

the group is represented by the family, the team, work, and the like.

​The concept of obligations: universalism versus particularism

​

When obligations to family and friends interfere with social obligations, individuals belonging to different

cultures normally position themselves at one or the other end of the spectrum ranging from particularism

to universalism.

​

Multiple Choice

Apply absolute concepts in certain situations independently of circumstances

or particular situations. One must always try to apply the same rules to similar circumstances, like the concept of fairness in treating everybody the same way, without exception for families or friends.

• Universalist cultures

• Particularist cultures

Multiple Choice

have no absolute concepts, and the way the individuals behave depends on

the circumstances. Each person will behave with their family and friends in the best way possible, believing that everybody else will receive the same protection from their group members.

• Universalist cultures

• Particularist cultures

​Problems Arising from the Passage of Time

​The concept of time: monochronic or polychronic

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Time is almost tangible; they talk

of it as something that you can “find,” “save,” “fritter away”, or “lose.”

• Monochronic

• Polychronic.

Poll

Monochronic people have some of the following traits:

• Are accustomed to short-term relationships

• Do not depend greatly on context and need information

• Follow plans to the letter

• Take time commitments seriously (deadlines, appointments, and the like).

• Only do one thing at a time

Multiple Choice

Concept of time do not consider it tangible and pay more

attention to human transactions than calendars.

• Polychronic

• Monochronic

Poll

Polychronic people have some of the following traits:

• Depend greatly on context and already have the information they need

• Change plans easily and frequently

• More concerned about those who are closely related (family, friends, and colleagues) than

  privacy

• Are committed to people and human relationships

• Are easily distracted and suffer from interruptions

​Control of the Environment in Cultural Diversity

​The concept of control: activism compared to fatalism

Cultures differ in their perception of the relationship of the individual to the world around them. They differ

in their perception of the influence that a person can have on the exterior world and whether the can

manipulate external forces and their destiny.

​Cultural dimensions

​influence our perception of time and space, and our way of relating to others. This, in turn, affects our way of exercising

au in groups and other fundamental aspects of an organization.

​

​Five Dimensions of Culture

​According to Geert Hofstede, a well-known Dutch social psychologist on his research about cross-cultural

groups and organizations, these five (5) cultural dimensions learn within the family or at school are inherent

in the perception of the human adult and determine behavior in the workplace (Braedel-Kühner, C. & Müller,

A.P., 2016).

Multiple Choice

According to this dimension, the values associated with a long-term orientation are saving and perseverance. In contrast, the values associated with short-term orientation are respect for tradition, meeting social obligations, and the protection of personal “image.”

• Uncertainty avoidance.

• Power distance.

• Masculinity versus femininity.

• Individualism versus collectivism.

• Short-term orientation versus long-term orientation.

Multiple Choice

This dimension refers to the degree that the members with the least power in the

organization accept and expect an unequal distribution of power. It suggests that the inequality that exists in a society is accepted both by its leaders and members.

• Uncertainty avoidance.

• Power distance.

• Masculinity versus femininity.

• Individualism versus collectivism.

• Short-term orientation versus long-term orientation.

Multiple Choice

Studies show that some cultures are dominated by masculine values,

such as domination and control. On the other hand, other cultures can be identified as feminine, where typical feminine values such as sensitivity and concern for others are predominant.

• Uncertainty avoidance.

• Power distance.

• Masculinity versus femininity.

• Individualism versus collectivism.

• Short-term orientation versus long-term orientation.

Multiple Choice

It indicates the degree to which a culture programs its members to feel comfortable or not in situations that are not highly structured. These unstructured situations are new, unknown, surprising, and different from what normally happens. Cultures that are averse to uncertainty try to reduce to the minimum then possibility that these types of situations will arise by applying laws and strict rules and adopting precautions and safety measures.

• Uncertainty avoidance.

• Power distance.

• Masculinity versus femininity.

• Individualism versus collectivism.

• Short-term orientation versus long-term orientation.

Multiple Choice

At the extreme of individualism, we find organizations where the

bonds between people are loose. In these societies, all individuals are expected to look after

themselves and their immediate family only. At the extreme of collectivism, we find societies where their members form strong, cohesive groups from the moment they are born; these are often extended families, including aunts and uncles and grandparents, which continue protecting each other in exchange for unconditional loyalty.

• Uncertainty avoidance.

• Power distance.

• Masculinity versus femininity.

• Individualism versus collectivism.

• Short-term orientation versus long-term orientation.

Draw

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