Unit 6 Review

​Unit 6 Review

6.01 The Clash of Civilizations​

6.02 ​The Spanish and Portuguese Empires

6.03 The Columbian Exchange​

6.04 Songhai, Benin, & The Slave Trade​

​Conquest of the "New World"

Spanish word for conqueror. 

• Wanted to win glory for themselves and for Spain. 

• Wanted to conquer land and convert people to Christianity. 

• Searched for gold and spices.

​Conquistador

Multiple Choice

Conquistador means ________ in English.

• Apeaser

• Conqueror

• Controller

• Soldier

Multiple Choice

Most Spanish soldiers fought for these reasons EXCEPT which one?

• Glory

• Gold

• God

• Generosity

​The Conquerors

• Spanish Conquistador

• Obsessed with gold & glory

• At 19, he fought in the Spanish conquest of Cuba

• Cuba’s governor asked him to explore the Aztec’s region but changed his mind.

• Cortes ignored the governor’s order & sailed a small army towards Aztec lands.

• Conquered the Aztecs.

​Cortes

​Pizzaro

• Spanish Conquistador

• Obsessed with gold & glory…sound familiar?

• Attempted & failed twice to take the Incan Empire

• Granted permission by the king for a third attempt

• Conquered the Incan Empire

Multiple Choice

Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire for which European nation?

• Spain

• Portugal

• England

• Italy

Multiple Choice

Pizarro conquered lands for the nation of Italy.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

This was the Spanish soldier who conquered the Aztec civilization.

• Columbus

• Capac

• Pizarro

• Cortes

​The Conquered

• Emperor of Aztec Empire for 17 years

• Ruled the empire at its largest

• Attempted to appease Spanish conquistadors

• Was captured by conquistadors & killed

​Moctezuma

​Atahualpa

• Emperor of Incan Empire for about one year

• During his reign, the empire erupted in civil war & disease

• Held hostage by the Spanish, then executed by his captors after his people paid the ransom.

Multiple Select

The Incan Empire fell for which of the following reasons?

• European diseases

• Incan leader, Atahualpa, was executed

• Pizarro sailed the west coast of South America to Peru

• Pizarro sent false messages of peace & friendship

Multiple Select

Which statements relate to Moctezuma?

• An Aztec emperor who ruled for 17 years.

• An Inca emperor who had ruled for just three years.

• An Incan ruler who established a new capital.

• An Aztec emperor killed by the Spanish.

Multiple Choice

Both the Spanish conquerors & South American civilizations had access to steel swords, cannons, and horses.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Which of these statements relate to the fall of the Aztec civilization?

• Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, was imprisoned by the Spanish.

• Smallpox & other European diseases killed many Aztecs.

• Aztec initially welcomed the Spanish.

• The Aztec peacefully surrendered to all Spanish demands.

Multiple Choice

This was the capital of the Aztec empire.

• Pacal

• Tenochtitlan

• Quechua

• Cuzco

Multiple Choice

This was the capital of the Incan empire.

• Atahualpa

• Quetzacoatl

• Quechua

• Cuzco

Multiple Choice

Many new luxury items were brought from the Americas to the Europeans, including...

• cacao beans, sugarcane, silver, indigo, cochineal

• marble, lapis lazuli, salt, exotic animals

• grapes, olives, horses, plants, sand

• steel weapons & armor

Multiple Choice

Indigo was used as a pigment dye for clothing and other textiles.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is cochineal?

• a green dye obtained from dried tree leaves

• a purple dye obtained from fruit

• a yellow dye obtained flower petals

• a red dye obtained from the dried bodies of cochineal insects

​Hierarchy of Spanish Colonies

At the very top of the Spanish colony power pyramid were the viceroys, a title which means ‘in place of the king.’ They were handpicked by the Spanish king to rule in his/her name; making sure their lands were protected, their laws held, and that money kept flowing into the treasury.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT a responsibility of a viceroy?

• Make the king richer.

• Ensure native people were treated well.

• Protected the king's lands.

• Enforce the laws

Multiple Choice

The Spanish king allowed their South American colonies to govern themselves.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does NOT represent native people under the encomienda system.

• Free according to law, but still forced to work the land.

• Able to do as they wanted with their homes and land.

• Often discriminated against.

• Had no real rights

Multiple Choice

Encomienda can best be described as...

• a way Spanish demanded labor from the native Americans.

• a form of mercantilism.

• a small island in the Caribean.

• a system that protected & supported native Americans.

Multiple Choice

They journey to Spanish colonies to try and convert the native people to Catholicism.

• Friars & Jesuits

• Luther & Calvin

• Conquistadors and Explorers

• Cortez and Diaz

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does NOT relate to Catholic friars (priests) in South America?

• Studied the beliefs of native people in order to relate them to Christianity.

• Learned local languages.

• Protested against poor treatment of native people.

• Made sure to preserve & protect local culture & beliefs.

Multiple Choice

This was the subject of Las Casa's book, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies.

• How the American continents became well known.

• To bring attention to mistreat of native Americans.

• To promote further exploration.

• To publicize the the alarming rate of deforestation.

Multiple Choice

The Columbian Exchange can BEST be described as...

• Spanish Friars converting native people to Christianity.

• The exchanging of goods on the silk road.

• animals, plants, diseases and people transferring between New and Old World

• Trade occurring only in the country of Columbia.

Multiple Choice

What is a religious result of The Columbian Exchange?

• Spread of Judaism in the Americas

• Spread of Christianity in the Americas

• Spread of Islam in the Americas

• The beginning of the Protestant Reformation

Multiple Choice

In geography, hemisphere relates to this.

• Longitude & Latitude.

• The cardinal directions.

• Round bodies of water.

• Half of the Earth.

Multiple Choice

The Americas are located in which hemisphere?

• West

• East

Multiple Choice

Which group of plants were brought TO Europe FROM the Americas?

• sugarcane, wheat, grapes

• potatoes, tomatoes, corn

• gold, silver, salt

• pumpkin pie, apple pie, cherry pie

Multiple Choice

Though unintentional, dependence on this crop would lead to mass starvation after famine struck Ireland.

• Corn

• tomato

• potato

• squash

Multiple Choice

Which is the best definition of intentional consequence.

• Outcomes that cannot be foreseen or imagined.

• Doing something for no reason or purpose.

• Outcomes that are foreseen and purposeful.

• All outcomes that have yet to happen.

Multiple Choice

Native Americans contracting smallpox & other European diseases after European explorers arrived in the Americas.

• Intended

• Unintended

Multiple Choice

Corn becomes a major & important crop after merchants take it to Africa.

• Intended

• Unintended

Multiple Choice

Rats that snuck onto European ships spread across Europe, damaging the ecosystem.

• Intended

• Unintended

Multiple Choice

Conquistadors bring horses with them to South America. Some horses escape & travel north, where native North Americans learn to raise & ride them.

• Intended

• Unintended

Multiple Choice

Which of these best describes the savanna?

• A grassy plain with few trees.

• A dense forest with a vast amount of animal & plant life.

• A desolate desert.

• Any location with high temperatures.

Multiple Choice

Which of these best describes the rain forest?

• A grassy plain with few trees.

• A dense forest with a vast amount of animal & plant life.

• A desolate desert.

• Any location with high temperatures.

​•The Songhai was a west African kingdom, built up over centuries along the Niger River.

•The kingdom, especially its capital city of Gao, prospered from trading with Islamic empires; the Songhai would trade their silver, gold, brass, and opal for horses, salt, and slaves.

•Many Songhai leaders, as well as people who lived in larger cities, converted to Islam; while most people outside the cities continued to practice their own traditions.

​

​​Kingdom of Songhai

​

​Sunni Ali became king of Songhai in 1464, after the Mali had conquered much of the region.

​

Ali made it his mission to recapture Songhai lands, which he succeeded in doing.

​

Under Ali, the Songhai became known as an empire, and he continued to spread the territory further as he conquered the Mali.

​​Sunni Ali

​Askia was a Songhai general who served under Ali’s son.

​

He didn’t like how the empire was being run, so he overthrew the emperor and placed himself in charge.

​

Askia would go on to known as one of the greatest Songhai leaders. He instituted new laws based on Islamic teachings, and his people & empire prospered under his lead. The Songhai territory was the largest during his reign.

​​Askia Muhammad

Multiple Choice

This was the capital city of Songhai.

• Cairo

• Timbuktu

• Gau

• Benin City

Multiple Choice

During their reign, the Songhai empire reached its greatest size.

• Alexander

• Mansa Musa

• Askia Muhammad

• Sunni Ali

Multiple Choice

During their reign, this Songhai leader conquered the Mali and destroyed Timbuktu.

• Alexander

• Mansa Musa

• Askia Muhammad

• Sunni Ali

Multiple Choice

This was the capital city of Benin.

• Cairo

• Timbuktu

• Gau

• Benin City

Multiple Choice

The people of this African nation were skilled brass makers, fierce warriors and clever traders.

• Benin

• Songhai

• Mali

• Maasai

Multiple Choice

The term oba refers to this.

• A ruler or leader.

• A blacksmith.

• A wealthy merchant.

• An agreement of peace.

Multiple Choice

The Benin Kingdom was located mostly in the rainforest & coastal regions of this modern-day African country.

• Etheopia

• Chad

• Niger

• Tanzania

Multiple Choice

Slavery began...

• thousands of years ago & was present around the world.

• when European countries began colonizing the Americas.

• just before the American Civil War.

• in Africa during the 1500s.

Multiple Choice

Which of these statements about the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade is correct?

• The Middle Passage was the name for the quick & easy voyage from Africa to the Americas.

• Africans sold other Africans to European slavers.

• The slave trade had very little impact on the world.

• Europe was the only region to engage in slavery.