Energy flow, symbiosis and Limiting factors

How Energy Flows

• Energy flows through an ecosystems in one direction

• Starting with the sun or chemical compounds

• Then to autotrophs(producers)

• Then to various heterotrophs(consumers)

Food Chains

• Food chains show how matter and energy move through ecosystems in a series of steps

• Each step shows which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

• The arrows show who is being transferred the energy (who is doing the eating)

Food Chains

• Each organisms in a food chain represents a feeding step, or trophic level, in the transfer of matter and energy

Food Webs

Models that show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community; links all food chains in an ecosystem together.

Multiple Select

What are autotrophs

• organisms that produce their own food

• producers

• organisms that consume what they eat

• consumers

Multiple Choice

Where does the energy flow start in an ecosystem?

• autotrophs

• heterotrophs

• the sun

Multiple Choice

Food chains show you what?

• What organisms like to do

• How organisms grow and reproduce

• how matter and energy move through ecosystems

Trophic Levels

• Notice that producers are always on the bottom of the energy pyramid

• We call consumers on the first level Primary Consumers

• We call consumers on the next level Secondary Consumers

• We call consumers on the next level Tertiary Consumers

Trophic levels

is the position an organism takes in the ​food chain

​PRODUCERS

​Producers are the first level in the trophic system.

They make their own food by the energy of the sun.

They do not need any other organism to be fed.

​Primary Consumers

• second trophic level

• They eat primary producers

• Ex: Caterpillars eat leaves

​Secondary Consumers

• largely carnivores that feed on the primary consumers or herbivores

• 3rd Trophic levels

​Tertiary Consumers

• Those that eat Secondary consumers

• Large predators

​Decomposers

• Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms

• perform a valuable service as Earth's cleanup crew

Reorder

Reorder the following from sun to tertiary consumer

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

Producers obtain their energy by

• the process of hunting for prey

• the process of eating plants

• the process of photosynthesis to make their own food from sunlight

• the process of breaking down once living things

Multiple Choice

The carnivore level in this diagram are also known as

• Producers

• Primary consumers

• Secondary consumers

• Tertiary consumers

Multiple Choice

The herbivore level in this diagram are also known as

• Producers

• Primary consumers

• Secondary consumers

• Tertiary consumers

Multiple Choice

The food web shows

• many possible interactions and feeding relationships beween the organsims in the ecosystem

• a nice picture of what lives in the ecosystem

• the symbiotic relationships

• the keystone species

Multiple Choice

An organism that consumes the bodies of dead organisms and wastes produced by living organisms.

• Consumer

• Producer

• Detritivores/Decomposers

• Trophic Levels

Multiple Choice

An organism that eats both producers (plants) and other consumers (animals).

• Herbivore

• Carnivore

• Omnivore

• Producer

The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempted to use the same limited resources​

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Competition

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Interaction in which one organism kills another for food or nutrients​

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​Predation

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Any relationship in which two species live closely together and at least one benefits​

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Symbiosis

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A relationship in which both species benefit

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​Mutualism

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A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped not harmed​

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Commensalism

+ 0​

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A relationship in which one organism lives with, on, or inside another organism and harms it

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Parasitism

+-​

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An organism that benefits by harming another organism

​(example: mistletoe)

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Parasite

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An organism on which a parasite lives

​(example: laurel oak)

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Host

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Environmental factor that limits the growth and size of a population

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Limiting

factors​

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Species that have naturally evolved in an area

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Native

species​

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​species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Invasive

species​

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​the removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Deforestation

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​the growth of cites

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​Urbanization

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Match

Match the following

• :) :)

  + +

• :) :I

  + 0

• :) :(

  + -

mutualism

commensalism

parasitism

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources

• competition

• predation

• symbiosis

• host

Multiple Choice

Interaction in which one organism kills another for food or nutrients

• predation

• competition

• mutalism

• urbanization

Multiple Choice

Name the type of this symbiosis?

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

• Interspecies

Multiple Choice

Name the type of this symbiosis?

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

• Interspecies

Multiple Choice

Name the type of this symbiosis?

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

• Interspecies

Multiple Choice

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is called

• natural selection.

• symbiosis.

• adaptation.

• competition.

Multiple Choice

The bacteria that live in your intestine and help break down food are an example of which type of interaction?

• competition

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

Multiple Choice

When a flea is living on a dog, the dog is the 

• parasite.

• host.

• predator.

• prey.

Multiple Choice

Factors that keep the number of organisms from growing too large

• Biotic factors

• Abiotic factors

• Limiting Factors

• Carrying Capacity

Multiple Choice

The number of organisms per unit area

• Density

• Volume

• Mass

Multiple Choice

Two arctic fox are fighting with a polar bear for a sea lion carcass. One fox distracts the bear while the other eats. What type of limiting factor is the polar bear?

• Predator-Prey Relationships

• Competition

• Herbivory Effect

• Weather

Multiple Choice

Any thing or organism that regulates the size of a population of another organism is known as __________.

• a limiting measure

• a limiting factor

• factorization

• materialization of precipitation

Multiple Choice

As a leopard is searching for prey, a lion stalks and slowly approaches it. This could be considered what type of relationship between the lion and leopard?

• Competition

• Predator/Prey

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

Multiple Choice

Cows and pronghorn both eat the same types of food in areas of Utah. What is the ecological relationship?

• Cooperation

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Competition

Multiple Choice

What is the squirrel in this image?

• Adaptation

• Predator

• Prey

• Predation

Multiple Choice

Describe the type of interaction between the organisms in the picture.

• commensalism

• predation

• mutualism

• competition