Citing Sources [Referencing]

​Plagiarism and Referencing

[Citing Sources]

Academic Writing​

PLAGIARISM​​

DIAGNOSTIC

QUIZ

Neville, Colin. "Plagiarism Quiz." The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Maidenhead: Open UP, 2007. PDF File.​

Multiple Choice

You see a quotation in a book or Internet site and copy some of the words and add some of your own words and do not cite the source.

• Plagiarism

• Not plagiarism

Multiple Choice

You see an interesting and different way of looking at a particular subject on an Internet website. No author's name is shown. You [paraphrase the idea and use it in your assignment without citing the source. Besides, there is no author to cite].

• Plagiarism

• Not plagiarism

Multiple Choice

You are part of a study group of four or five and you all discuss an assignment that all are required to submit individually. You all agree on the approach and

arguments to use in the assignment. One of the students, with a little help from another, writes the assignment that all the members of the group submit individually.

• Plagiarism

• Not plagiarism

Multiple Choice

You find an article summarizing a particular model, theory or practice associated with a particular theorist Mr X. It is a secondary source, which means the writer is summarizing…what Mr X has said. [In your assignment, you paraphrase parts of this summary as you talk about Mr X’s theory. You cite Mr X, but you do not refer to the secondary source author. It was just a summary anyway.]

• Plagiarism

• Not plagiarism

Multiple Choice

Your friend is better than you at writing assignments; your strengths are with statistics and mathematics, and you have always [found] writing reports and essays difficult. You discuss a particular assignment together and you help your friend gain a better knowledge of the subject. Your friend is grateful for making things clearer and offers to write the assignment for you both. Your friend writes the assignment, and you copy it. You both submit is as an individual assignment.

• Plagiarism

• Not plagiarism

Multiple Choice

You have an assignment to write and you do the research for it. In the process of writing the assignment, a new way of looking at the subject suddenly occurs to

you, which you feel is unique. You put forward this "unique" perspective on the subject and submit the assignment. However, you discover a day or two later that someone else has already published the same idea and perspective a few years earlier.

• Plagiarism

• Not plagiarism

• Quote

• ​Summarize

• Paraphrase​

​Academic Writing

​HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM

​

​Long selection?

Summarizing

• When you want to establish the background or offer an overview of a topic

• When you want to describe common knowledge (from several sources) about a topic

• When you want to determine the main ideas of a single source

​SUMMARIZE!

​

​Long selection?

Summarizing | Source: Purdue Online Writing Lab

• Use your own words to retell the main ideas.

• Use fewer words.

• Cite your source.​

​SUMMARIZE!

​Example summary:

Roger Sipher makes his case for getting rid of compulsory-attendance laws in primary and secondary schools with six arguments. These fall into three groups—first that education is for those who want to learn and by including those that don't want to learn, everyone suffers. Second, that grades would be reflective of effort and elementary school teachers wouldn't feel compelled to pass failing students. Third, that schools would both save money and save face with the elimination of compulsory-attendance laws.

​Short selection?

Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing is most useful when you provide information that you acquired from secondary sources.

• It should match the source’s meaning.

• Ideas must be presented in your own words and sentence structure.

• It is usually of the same length as the original.

​PARAPHRASE!

​

​Short selection?

Paraphrasing | Source: Purdue Online Writing Lab

Paraphrases must be cited because they are the author’s ideas that come from the original work. They are not your own ideas.​

​PARAPHRASE!

​Example paraphrase of the essay's conclusion:

​

Roger Sipher concludes his essay by insisting that schools have failed to fulfill their primary duty of education because they try to fill multiple social functions (par. 17).

​

​Original conclusion:

Schools should be for education. At present, they are only tangentially so. They have attempted to serve an all-encompassing social function, trying to be all things to all people. In the process they have failed miserably at what they were originally formed to accomplish.

​Short and specific selection?

Quoting

• To provide important statistical information

• To emphasize a point

• To provide an example

• To show an author's intention

​QUOTE!

​

​Short and specific selection?

Quoting | Source: Purdue Online Writing Lab

• It should match the source word for word (verbatim).

• Quotation marks must be used.

​QUOTE!

​Example quotation:

​

According to Roger Sipher, a solution to the perceived crisis of American education is to "[a]bolish compulsory-attendance laws and allow only those who are committed to getting an education to attend" (par. 3).

​

​Original text (paragraph 3):

The solution to this problem is simple: Abolish compulsory-attendance laws and allow only those who are committed to getting an education to attend.​

QUOTING	PARAPHRASING	SUMMARIZING
Use another person's ideas and words	Construct a passage using your own words	Put main ideas/points into your own words
Use the author's original words (verbatim)	Use your own sentence structure	Present only the most important ideas of a source
Use “ ” and properly cite your source	Reference your original source	Reference your original source

​

TRUE or

FALSE​

No peeking!​

Multiple Choice

Following the sentence structure of the original text is a form of plagiarism even when you reword the idea thoroughly. 

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A paraphrase must always be shorter than the original text. 

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Paraphrasing and summarizing are basically the same.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Personal opinions about the original idea must only be mentioned toward the end of a paraphrase.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

All borrowed terminologies and phrases from the original text must be placed in parentheses.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A paraphrase is an evaluation of someone’s original idea/s.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

You still commit plagiarism even when you properly paraphrase an original text if you fail to cite your source.

• True

• False

​

​Book (in print) with only one author

​

• ​Title: Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

• Author: Ashlee Vance

• Year: 2015

• Publisher: Ecco

• Place: ​New York, NY

​

APA

​According to Vance (2017), Musk is going against...

​

Vance, A. (2017). Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the quest for a fantastic future. Ecco.

​

​​​IEEE

Musk is said to be going against... [1].

​

[1] A. Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. New York, NY: Ecco, 2017.

​

​In-text citation

​

​In-text citation

​

​References

​

​References

​

​

​Book (in print) with two authors

​

• ​Title: Pragmatic Programmers

• Authors: Andrew Hunt and David Thomas

• Year: 2000

• Publisher: Addison-Wesley

• Place: ​Reading, MA

​

APA

​Pragmatic programmers are ... (Hunt & Thomas, 2000).

​

Hunt, A., & Thomas, D. (2000). The pragmatic programmer.
Addison-Wesley.

​

​​​​IEEE

In [2], pragmatic philosophy is described as...

​

[2] A. Hunt and D. Thomas, The Pragmatic Programmer. Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000.

​

​

​In-text citation

​

​In-text citation

​

​References

​

​References

​

​

​Book (in print) with 3+ authors

​

• ​Title: Introduction to Algorithms

• ​Edition: 3rd

• Authors: Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford Stein

• Year: 2009

• Publisher: MIT Press

• Place: ​Cambridge, MA

​

APA

​Cormen et al. (2009) give a secondary definition of algorithm: "a tool for solving a well-specified computational problem" (p. 5).

​

Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., & Stein, C. (2009).
Introduction to algorithms (3rd ed.). MIT Press.

​​

​​​​IEEE

An algorithm is also seen as "a tool for solving a well-specified computational problem" [3, p.5].

​

[3] T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, and C. Stein, Introduction

to Algorithms, 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.

​

​

​

​In-text citation

​

​In-text citation

​

​References

​

​References

​

​

​Online journal article

​

• ​Article: An overview of current COVID-19 vaccine platforms

• Authors: ​Abdou Nagy and Bader Alhatlani

• Journal: Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

• Volume 19, 2021

• Pages 2508-2517

​

APA

​​Nagy, A., & Alhatlani, B. (2021). An overview of current COVID-19

vaccine platforms. Computational and Structural Biotechnology

Journal, 19, 2508–2517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.061

​​​

​​​​IEEE

[4] A. Nagy and B. Alhatlani, “An overview of current COVID-19
vaccine platforms,” Computational and Structural Biotechnology
Journal, vol. 19, pp. 2508–2517, 2021. Available: Science Direct,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/. [Accessed October 27, 2022].

​

​

​

​

References

Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., &

​ Stein, C. (2009). Introduction to algorithms

(3rd ed.). MIT Press.

Hunt, A., & Thomas, D. (2000). The pragmatic

programmer. Addison-Wesley.

Nagy, A., & Alhatlani, B. (2021). An overview of

current COVID-19 vaccine platforms.

Computational and Structural Biotechnology

Journal, 19, 2508–2517.

​ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.061

Vance, A. (2017). Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX,

and the quest for a fantastic future. Ecco.

​List of References (Note: Hanging indentation necessary)

​APA

References​

[1] A. Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the

Quest for a Fantastic Future. New York, NY:

Ecco, 2017.

​[2] A. Hunt and D. Thomas, The Pragmatic

Programmer. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000.

​[3] T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, and

​ C. Stein, Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd ed.

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.

[4] A. Nagy and B. Alhatlani, “An overview of current

COVID-19 vaccine platforms,” Computational and

Structural Biotechnology Journal, vol. 19, pp. 2508–

2517, 2021. Available: Science Direct,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/. [Accessed

October 27, 2022].​

​

​IEEE

​Other sources?

Refer to the style guide.​