HND micro full revision lesson

Multiple Choice

plasmids are...

• single stranded DNA

• single stranded RNA

• double stranded DNA

• single stranded RNA

Open Ended

Describe one way bacterial cells can be made competent in the lab

Multiple Choice

Which type of plasmid contains the genes necessary for conjugation

• R plasmid

• F plasmid

• M plasmid

• T plasmid

Multiple Choice

After conjugation the recipient cell is F-

• True

• False

Open Ended

How is HFR conjugation different to normal?

Multiple Select

Viruses can have evolve by:

• random assortment

• mutation

• crossing over

• transformation

Multiple Choice

A substitution mutation can lead to a partial polypeptide when a _______ codon is produced

• Missense

• Nonsense

Open Ended

What effects could mutations have on DNA/RNA and post translationally?

Multiple Choice

Random assortment occurs when two viruses with similarly segmented genomes co-infect the same cell

• True

• False

Open Ended

What is the difference between antigenic shift and drift?

Multiple Choice

Which genes for antigenic variation does Trypanosoma brucei have?

• VSG

• var

• Tra

Multiple Choice

During tetrad analysis there are two possible variations for the nuclei formed. These are ordered and disordered.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

During meiosis, genetic variation can occur through...(pick all that apply)

• MII segregation - how chromosomes line up at metaphase plate

• MI segregation - crossing over during second meiotic divsion

• MI segregation - how chromosomes line up at metaphase plate

• MII segregation - crossing over during second meiotic divsion

Open Ended

How does mutation result in fungicide resistance?

Match

Match the following

• Intestinal biopsy

• Skin

• Sputum

Anaerobic

Aerobic

Aerobic and anaerobic

• Anaerobic

• Aerobic

• Aerobic and anaerobic

Reorder

Reorder the following

• sample sent to diagnostic lab

• suspension made with broth and spread on selective media. Grown at appropriate conditions.

• Morphology and microscopy analysis

• DNA extraction

• Antibiotic disc sensitivity

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Drag and Drop

Coagulase is an

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that ​ converts ​

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to ​

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. Patient sample is mixed with ​

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plasma containing fibrinogen, presence of coagulase positive bacteria will cause ​

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.

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enzyme

fibrinogen

fibrin

rabbit

clotting

trypsinogen

trypsin

indole

tryptophan

protein

Drag and Drop

Indole positive organisms such as ​

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like ​

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can convert ​

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to ​

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. When a positive sample is incubated with ​

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reagent a red layer appears on the broth.

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enterobacteria

E. coli

tryptophan

indole

kovac

trypsinogen

fibrinogen

Staphylococcus

tryptone

Open Ended

ELISA stands for

Drag and Drop

Real time PCR is ​

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, monitoring amplification of DNA using ​

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labelled ​

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. When DNA ​

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with each cycle, detection increases. This is plotted against a standard curve of known ​

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gene.

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quantitative

fluorescently

primers

accumulates

target

qualitative

nucleotides

enzyme

specific

grows

Multiple Choice

Type 1 fimbriae bind to __________ residues.

• B-mannose

• B-glucose

• D-mannose

• D-glucose

Reorder

The correct order for biofilm development

• attachment

• colonisation

• development

• detachment

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Open Ended

Why is quorum sensing beneficial to bacteria?

Multiple Select

Which are two ways for bacteria to invade host cells

• cytoinvasion

• trigger

• zipper

• injection

Open Ended

Describe one way bacteria can evade the immune response

Match

Match the following

• Exotoxins

• Endotoxins

• LPS Lipid A

• LPS O-Antigen

secreted out of the cell

part of cell structure

causes release of cytokines

Binds to epithelial tissue

• secreted out of the cell

• part of cell structure

• causes release of cytokines

• Binds to epithelial tissue

Multiple Choice

Plasmids which are responsible for antibiotic resistance

• F Plasmid

• M Plasmids

• Col Plasmids

• R Plasmids

Drag and Drop

Tetracylines inhibit ​

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at the 30S subunit of the ribosome, this ​

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binding of ​

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and therefore ​

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synthesis

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elongation

prevents

tRNA

protein

production

allows

mRNA

enzyme

Open Ended

Which structure of the bacterial cell wall does penicillin interfere with?

Open Ended

One thing you learned today and one area you know you need to focus on