Prokaryotes and viruses

Prokaryotes and viruses

chapter 22

Open Ended

Name a virus.

Poll

Are viruses alive?

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

One reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving is that they are not made of ______.

• protein

• viruses

• bacteria

• cells

Multiple Choice

A typical virus consists of

• a protein coat and a cytoplasm core

• a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core

• a protein coat and a nucleic acid core

• a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core

​Animal viruses: Human disease

•Acute disease- where symptoms worsen for a short period followed by the elimination by the immune system and eventual recovery​

•Chronic infections-virus persists in the body for a long period of time

•Asymptomatic infection-

•Examples:

•Common Cold

•Flu

•Hepatitis C

•Herpes

•Rabies

Multiple Choice

Antibiotics kill viruses

• True

• False

​Prion disease

• ​Fatal familial insomnia

• ​Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease

• ​Kuru

• ​Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

• Variant ​Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Multiple Choice

prions are

• contagious segments of RNA

• the first amino acid in eukaryotic proteins

• the proteins that DNA winds around

• misfolded proteins

Multiple Choice

What shape of bacteria is present in the image?

• Bacillus

• Coccus

• Spirillum

• Vibrio

Multiple Choice

What bacterial shape is present in the image?

• Bacillus

• Coccus

• Spirillum

• Vibrio

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct?

• Bacteria have circular DNA

• Bacteria use ribosomes to synthesize proteins

• Bacteria have cell walls

• All of the above are correct.

Multiple Choice

Binary fission involves the replication of DNA, elongation of the cell, and dividing the cell in half.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A thick peptidoglycan layer forms a gram-negative cell wall.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A slide in a microbiology lab reads “Gram-negative coccus”. What should the microbiology students be looking for under the microscope?

• Pink rods

• Purple spirals

• Pink spheres

• Purple spheres

Multiple Choice

Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs. What does this mean?

• Organic compounds provide both energy and carbon

• Inorganic compounds provide energy and CO2 provides carbon

• Light provides energy and CO2 provides carbon

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The flagella observed in prokaryotic cells have the same structure and function as eukaryotic flagella.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A stress-resistant dormant form of a bacterium is called a(n)

• Heterocyst

• Endospore

• Gnathostome

• Kinetochore

Multiple Choice

When a bacterium picks up DNA from the environment it is termed

• Conjugation

• Transformation

• Flocculation

• Transduction

Multiple Choice

An F- cell has been converted into a F+ cell. What has happened?

• Transformation

• Conjugation

• Transduction

• Binary fission

Multiple Choice

The dental plaque forming on the surface of unbrushed teeth is due to the bacterial

• Capsule

• Plasma membrane

• Cell wall

• Peptidoglycans

Multiple Choice

Why is chlamydia much more common than syphilis?

• chlamydia is spread via droplet inhalation

• syphilis can penetrate a condom whereas chlamydia cannot

• Many chlamydia infections are asymptomatic

• chlamydia is viral and viral diseases spread much faster