Ch. 12 L. 3 DNA, RNA, & Protein (transcription & translation)

Open Ended

What is the Central Dogma of genetics? Explain.

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?

• RNA contains uracil in place of thymine

• RNA contains uracil in place of adenine

• RNA contains uracil in place of guanine

• RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine

Multiple Choice

Identify.

• DNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Identify.

• DNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Identify.

• DNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Identify.

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Multiple Choice

Carries the amino acid used to make a protein

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Factory for making a protein

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

What is the product of transcription, and is the type of RNA that carries the DNA's message out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm to be translated?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• proteins

Multiple Choice

What is represented by label 3?

• DNA

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• mRNA

Multiple Choice

The following strand of mRNA is found inside one of Dr. Li's cells: AUCGU
What is the template DNA strand for this mRNA?

• ATCGT

• TAGCA

• AUCGU

• UAGCA

Multiple Choice

Translation is...

• DNA to mRNA

• mRNA to DNA

• mRNA to protein

• protein to mRNA

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

There are several steps in gene expression. DNA is a double helix, that unwinds into two strands. What is the next step in DNA replication as shown in diagram 2?

• Process; replication; produvt tRNA

• Process; Transcription; product; mRNA

• Process; Transctription; product; DNA

• Process; recombination; product; polymerase

Multiple Choice

The transcription of RNA from DNA takes place in several steps. In which step of transcription does RNA polymerase actively build the mRNA strand by attaching RNA bases to one another one by one by using the DNA as a template?

• Initiation

• Elongation

• Termination

• Translation

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for making RNA?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA enzymase

• RNA polymerase

• RNA proliferase

Multiple Choice

What is the mRNA resulting from the following DNA strand?
DNA: ATCACAATA

• ATCACAATA

• AUCACAAUA

• UAGUGUUAU

• TAGTGTTAT

Multiple Choice

What is represented by label 2?

• RNA

• RNA polymerase

• mRNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 key steps of transcription in order?

• termination, elongation, initiation

• elongation, initiation, termination

• initiation, elongation, termination

• initiation, termination, elongation

Multiple Choice

What is the first step in the transcription of DNA into mRNA?

• RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region on the template DNA strand.

• RNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to the mRNA to create matching base pairs.

• RNA Polymerase breaks the DNA strand so that it exists as a short segment corresponding to the length of an mRNA.

• RNA Polymerase breaks in half and each half binds to a different strand of DNA

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a strand of DNA undergoing transcription.

-What is represented by label 1?

• mRNA

• RNA polymerase

• RNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

What molecule do we have at the end of transcription? What is the product?

• mRNA

• Enzymes

• DNA

• tRNA

Multiple Select

Which nucleotides are present in RNA? Check all that apply

• A, Adenine

• T, Thymine

• U, Uracil

• G, Guanine

• C, Cytosine

Multiple Choice

Which is the best description of initiation?

• its when new nucleotides are added to the RNA

• its when the RNA Polymerase and RNA molecule detach

• Its when the RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

• Its when the DNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

Multiple Choice

Which is the best description of termination?

• its when new nucleotides are added to the RNA

• its when the RNA Polymerase and RNA molecule detach

• Its when the RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

• Its when the DNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

Multiple Choice

Which is the best description of elongation?

• its when new nucleotides are added to the RNA

• its when the RNA Polymerase and RNA molecule detach

• Its when the RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

• Its when the DNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

Multiple Choice

When using your codon chart, what sequence can you use to find the correct amino acid?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• Any of these will do

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

• 1

• 3

• 5

• 15

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides? AAU GCG AUG

• 9

• 3

• 1

• 15

Multiple Choice

ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?

• 5

• 4

• 2

• 3

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Leucine

• Stop codon

Multiple Choice

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

• Met-Pro-Ala-Val
• Met-Pro-Val
• Tyr-Gly-His
• Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

Multiple Choice

The codon CCU codes for what amino acid?

• Isoleucine

• Stop

• Methionine

• Proline

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Leucine

• Stop codon

Multiple Choice

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

• Met-Pro-Ala-Val

• Met-Pro-Val

• Tyr-Gly-His

• Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

Multiple Choice

Which amino acid pairs with the codon AGA

• Thr

• Arg

• Ala

• Glu

Multiple Choice

the sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for amino acids.

• codon 
• anti-codon

Multiple Choice

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?

UAA

• STOP

• Phenylalanine

• Valine

• Aspartic acid

Multiple Choice

A mRNA sequence consist of 171 nucleotides. How many amino acids make up the protein this sequence will code for?

• 57

• 56

• 58

• 513

Multiple Choice

anti-codons are located on __________

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• snRNA

Multiple Choice

What best explains the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation?

• anticodons on the mRNA line up with complementary codons on the tRNA

• anticodons on the tRNA line up with complementary codons on the mRNA

• tRNA attach amino acids to the complementary mRNA sequence

• mRNA attach amino acids to the complementary tRNA sequence

Multiple Choice

Translation takes place in the 

• ribosome
• chloroplast
• nucleus
• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What would be the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon CAG?

• GTC
• GUC
• CUG
• CAG

Multiple Choice

Brings the amino acids to the ribosome

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Which phrase best describes translation?

• converts mRNA into a polypeptide
• catalyzes bonds between amino acids
• produces RNA from DNA molecules
• recycles tRNA molecules for reuse

Multiple Choice

What type of bonds are forming during translation?

• Peptide bonds
• Hydrogen bonds
• Acid bonds

Multiple Choice

How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA

• 4
• 2
• 6
• 12

Multiple Choice

The job of tRNA is to

• carry amino acids to the ribisomes
• carry ribisomes to the ER
• carry glucose to mitochondria
• carry mRNA out of the nucleus

Multiple Choice

The codon is located on the 

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Multiple Choice

What would be the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon CAG?

• GTC
• GUC
• CUG
• CAG

Multiple Choice

What would happen if we did not have start codons?

• Polypeptide chains would continue to grow

• Amino acids would bind to tRNA

• Protein synthesis wouldn't occur

• mRNA would form a double strand

Multiple Choice

How many bases are in one codon?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Where in the cell does translation take place?

• Nucleus
• DNA
• Chloroplast
• Ribosome

Multiple Choice

What type of molecule is the end product of translation?

• Glucose Glucose

• Fatty Acid

• Glycogen

• Protein

Multiple Choice

What is the correct sequence of protein synthesis?

A. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

B. DNA molecules serve as the templates for mRNA.

C. mRNA molecules move to ribosomes.

D. Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes.

• A-B-C-D

• B-C-A-D

• C-B-A-D

• D-B-A-C

Multiple Choice

Beadle and Tatum used ...................... in their experiment, looking for evidence that a gene code for an enzyme

• Bacteria

• animal cell

• plant cell

• bread mold

Multiple Choice

Beadle and Tatum Knew that if they exposed Neurospora spores to ................ , they could cause ................... in genes.

• X - rays , Sunlight

• Replication, enzymes

• replication, translation

• X - rays, mutation

Multiple Choice

The first step in Beadle and Tatums experiment was to grow spores of Neurospora, a bread mold, on a .................. with no amino acids.

• complete medium

• minimal medium

• amino acids

Multiple Choice

What hypothesis did George Beadle and Edward Tatum present?

• Each gene codes for a single enzyme.

• Each gene codes for multiple enzymes.

• Radiation damages genes responsible for enzymes.

• Mutations in genes cause metabolic disorders.

Multiple Choice

RNA contains the sugar

• ribose

• deoxyribose

• glucose

• lactose

Multiple Choice

What will be the resulting mRNA from this DNA sequence:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?

• CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA

• GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT

• CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA

• CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG

Multiple Choice

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

• Met-Pro-Ala-Val

• Met-Pro-Val

• Tyr-Gly-His

• Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

Multiple Choice

Every three letters (example: ATC) in DNA codes for what??

• Amino Acid

• Nucleotide

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

One difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA....

• is double stranded 

• contains the base Thymine

• contains the base Uracil 

• contained the base Guanine

Multiple Choice

The anti-codon 

• contains a sequence the same as the codon

• contains a sequence complementary to the codon 

• contains the base thymine

Multiple Choice

tRNA is involved in

• carrying amino acids 

• carrying ribosomes

• carrying glucose

• carrying lipids

Multiple Choice

Amino acids are joined together in order to form

• DNA

• ribosomes

• proteins 

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Transcribe the following piece of DNA:
ATCGTA

• UAGCAU

• TAGCAT

• ATCGTA

• AUCGUA

Multiple Choice

Translate the following piece of DNA: ATCGTA

• UAGCAU

• TAGCAT

• ATCGTA

• AUCGUA

Multiple Choice

Which Seq could be found in RNA?

• ACCTGT

• CGCATT

• AUGCUU

Multiple Choice

Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?

• Phenylalanine

• Leucine

• Serine

• Tyrosine

Multiple Choice

Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon GUA?

• Phenylalanine

• Leucine

• Serine

• Valine

Multiple Choice

The process of making RNA (i.e. mRNA) from DNA is called

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

Which  represents the bases of mRNA?

• A U C G

• A T U G

• A T C G

• U T C G

Multiple Choice

What is the correct sequence?

• RNA --> DNA --> Protein

• Protein --> RNA --> DNA

• DNA --> RNA --> Protein

• DNA --> Protein --> RNA

Multiple Choice

In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the

• cytoplasm

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

An mRNA molecule is produced in the step of protein synthesis:

• replication

• transcription

• duplication

• translation

Multiple Choice

If an mRNA codon is AGU, which of the following would be the appropriate tRNA anticodon?

• TCA

• UGA

• AGU

• UCA

Multiple Choice

How many bases are in one codon?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a base found in DNA?

• adenine

• thymine

• cytosine

• uracil

Multiple Choice

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

• phosphate

• nitrogenous base

• deoxyribose

• sugar

Multiple Choice

If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 40 percent A, how much of it is C?

• 40

• 10

• 15

• 20

Multiple Choice

If one strand of DNA has the sequence TTACCG, the sequence of the other strand of the same molecule will be

• AATGGC

• TTACCG

• AACGGC

• AATGGG

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme copies DNA?

• DNA polymerase

• DNA helicase

• RNA polymerase

• RNA helicase

Multiple Choice

What are the functions of genes?

• instructions for producing proteins

• instructions for producing DNA

• instructions for producing lipids

• they have no function

Multiple Choice

What does mRNA do?

• provides information from DNA to ribosomes

• transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

• makes up ribosomes

• builds proteins

Multiple Choice

What does rRNA do?

• provides information from DNA to ribosomes

• transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

• makes up ribosomes

• builds proteins

Multiple Choice

What does tRNA do?

• provides information from DNA to ribosomes

• transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

• makes up ribosomes

• builds proteins

Multiple Choice

What is the process that copies information from DNA into RNA?

• protein synthesis

• transcription

• translation

• DNA Polymerase

Multiple Choice

What is the process that copies information from DNA into RNA?

• protein synthesis

• transcription

• translation

• DNA Polymerase

Multiple Choice

Where does transcription take place?

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

True or false:  RNA is double-stranded.

• true

• false

• it depends on the type

Multiple Choice

_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.

• mRNA / a protein

• a protein / mRNA

• Ribosome / Nucleus

• mRNA / tRNA

Multiple Choice

What is true about RNA?

• It is indestructible

• It can travel outside of the nucleus

• It has five nucleotides

• It contains twice as much thymine as DNA

Multiple Choice

When transferring tRNA to amino acids, the process cannot begin until it reaches a...

• Beginning codon

• Start codon 

• Initiator codon

• Anticodon

Multiple Choice

What process is occurring in this photo?

• Transcription

• DNA unwinding

• Translation

• Transfer RNA is creating bases

Multiple Select

Which are pyrimidines?

• Adenine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

Multiple Select

Which are purines?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Which direction does DNA replication always go in?

• 3' -> 5'

• 5' -> 3'

• away from the replication fork

• to the right until it stops

Multiple Choice

Transcription occurs in the ______

• nucleus for eukaryotes, cytoplasm for prokaryotes

• cytoplasm for eukaryotes, nucleus for prokaryotes

• cytoplasm for eukaryotes and prokaryotes

• nucleus for eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Multiple Choice

What are the components of a nucleotide?

• nitrogen base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar

• pentose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine

• nitrogen base and a phosphate group

• DNA, phosphate group, monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

Direction that DNA is READ?

• 3' to 5'

• 5' to 3'

Multiple Choice

This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.

• anti-parallel

• deoxyribosic

• helical

• radioactive

Multiple Choice

3' and 5' refer to...

• How effectively the helicase works

• What direction the nucleotides are pointing

• Where the RNA primer attaches

• Okazaki's famous experiment