EHM Unit VI The Crusades

THE CRUSADES and their Impact

A Quest for the Holy Land

Causes of the Crusades

Muslim Turks

captured
Jerusalem
from the
Byzantine Empire

Muslims stopped
Christians from

Visiting Holy Land

Christian pilgrims

were attacked

Byzantine Empire
feared attack on
Constantinople

The Call
to Arms

• On November 27, 1095 Pope

Urban II called for the defeat
of the Turks and the return of
the Holy Land to the
Christians.

• His call united a chaotic

Europe.

• It centered political and

economic power in the
Roman Catholic Church.

• He found a use for knights’

skills.

​DEUS VULT! (God wills it!)

Multiple Choice

What did Pope Urban II's call for the liberation do to Europe?

• It further divided the chaotic feudal tribes.

• It united the chaotic, feudal tribes.

• It caused a civil war between rival feudal tribes.

• It caused Western Europe to begin a "golden age" of peace.

The Crusades

1095-1270

• The Crusades were a

long series of wars
between Christians
and Muslims.

• They fought over

control of Jerusalem
which was called the
Holy Land because it
was the region where
Jesus had lived,
preached, and died.

The Great Schism

The Roman Catholic Church and the
Greek Orthodox Church had just split
in 1054 ("The Great Schism").

The Pope didn’t like the Byzantines and the Byzantines didn’t like the Pope. Why ask for help and why give it?

Drag and Drop

The split between the Western and Eastern Christian churches in 1054 was called ​

Placeholder

​

Placeholder

​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

The

Great

Schism

An

Awful

Division

Painful

Divorce

A

Historic

Who Answered the Call?

•Feudal Lords
•Knights
•Peasants
•The Pope
promised they
would get entry to
heaven even if
they didn’t make it
to the Holy Land.

First Crusade (1096 - 1099)

Second Crusade (1147 - 1149)

Third Crusade (1189 - 1192)

Fourth Crusade (1202 - 1204)

Fifth Crusade (1217 - 1221)

Sixth Crusade (1228 - 1229)

Seventh Crusade (1248 - 1254)

Eighth Crusade (1270)

Ninth Crusade (1271 - 1272)

Crusades Continue Through 1200’s

“Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results.”

--Albert Einstein

The First Crusade (1096-1099)

• Peasant army

– Untrained
– Lacked military

equipment

– Many were killed by

Muslim Turks.

• Knights

– Succeeded in

capturing Jerusalem.

Multiple Choice

In the First Crusade, the Crusaders ________ in capturing Jerusalem.

• failed

• succeeded

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

• After their victory many Christians went

back home.

• The Turks eventually took back much of

the territory.

• The King of France and the Emperor of

Germany sent troops
to stop the Turks.

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

• Saladin leads the Muslim

Turks to victory,
defeating the Christians

• He was considered a
very wise ruler. He was
known for his sometimes
kind treatment of fallen
enemies. Many Christians
saw him as a model of
knightly chivalry.

Drag and Drop

​

Placeholder

captured ​

Placeholder

during the ​

Placeholder

Crusade.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Saladin

Jerusalem

Second

Mehmet the Conqueror

First

Third

Constantinople

Cairo

Sioux Falls

Third Crusade (1189-1192)*

• King Richard "The Lionhearted"of England convinces Saladin to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land

​*The tale of Robin Hood takes place after the 3rd Crusade

Results of the Crusades

• Muslims had a significant impact on Europeans

• The Europeans learned more about sailing, building ships and the magnetic compass

• They also gained a desire to trade with the rest of the world when they saw the silk, spices, art
and literature of the Muslims.

• The growth of trade eventually led to the growth of the merchant class and the end of serfdom.

Drag and Drop

Muslims had a ​

Placeholder

impact on European ​

Placeholder

building and trade, leading to an end of ​

Placeholder

and the rise of the ​

Placeholder

class in Europe.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

significant

ship

serfdom

merchant

minor

peasant

windmill

war

More Results of the Crusades

● Another effect of the Crusades was that the

Catholic Church grew in power and influence,
especially politically.

● After the Crusades, there was an increased

interest in learning, travel and the spreading of
new ideas, which laid roots for the Renaissance.

● The Crusades also led to the Europeans' new

knowledge of sea travel and increased interest
in trade and other cultures, which opened up
opportunities for explorers, such as Marco Polo
and Columbus.

Multiple Select

The Crusades stimulated trade with the east, leading to the exploits of (and unfortunately, exploitation by one of these explore)

• Saladin

• Mehmet II

• Marco Polo

• Christopher Columbus

• Suleiman the Magnificent

Results of the Crusades

• I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade

Here is a handy mnemonic
• I = Improvements –Ships, Maps, Explorers
• F =Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military, and the merchant class emerges

• T = Turks still rule the Holy Land.
• T =Travel – Europeans want to travel more.
• T =Trade – Europeans want luxuries from the East (sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.)--bypass the Turks! (Age of Exploration)

Multiple Choice

Select the statement that best summarizes the impact of the Crusades on Europe.

• The Crusades expanded trade, exploration, and feudalism.

• The Crusades lengthened the Dark Ages and increased the power of feudal lords.

• The Crusades stimulated trade, exploration, and the rise of the merchant class.

• The Crusades depopulated Europe and had no positive impact.