Tx Revolution battles

Battles of the Texas Revolution
Who writes history?

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

History is written by

Whoever wins the war!

Historically, the victor would hire
scribes or writers who would show
the victor in a positive light.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Multiple Choice

HISTORY ABOUT BATTLES/WARS ARE WRITTEN BY

• DRAKE & LEBRON

• PRESIDENTS

• WHOEVER WON THE WAR

• THE SETTLERS OF THE COLONY

The Study of History

How does one study history?
•
The only way we can do history
is to examine the available
records from the past and then
write about them.
•
So, doing history means writing
history.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Multiple Choice

HOW DO WE STUDY HISTORY?

• BY ASKING OUR ANCESTORS

• BY WRITING HISTORY

• BY EXAMINING SOURCES AND RECORDS FROM THE FUTURE

• BY EXAMINING SOURCES AND RECORDS FROM THE PAST

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Can history be viewed as biased or
misleading?

That’s not history. That is Propaganda!

Can History be Misleading?

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE:

HISTORY IS MISLEADING

• TRUE

• FALSE

What is Propaganda?

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Propaganda:
Something that Is Purposefully Biased

When information is presented, especially of a
biased or misleading nature, used to promote
or publicize a particular political cause or point
of view.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Multiple Choice

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PROPAGANDA?

• TO PERSUADE OR MISLEAD YOU INTO JOINING THE CAUSE

• TO MAKE YOU HUNGRY

• TO PROMOTE SOMETHING YOU WOULD BUY

• TO CONVINCE YOU

Let’s examine a piece of history

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

The Dawn at the Alamo

Dawn at the Alamo, Prints and Photographs Collection, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State
Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from https://www.tsl.texas.gov/mcardle/paintings/alamo-big.html

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

William B. Travis

Dawn at the Alamo, Prints and Photographs Collection, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State
Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from https://www.tsl.texas.gov/mcardle/paintings/alamo-big.html

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

David Crockett

Dawn at the Alamo, Prints and Photographs Collection, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State
Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from https://www.tsl.texas.gov/mcardle/paintings/alamo-big.html

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Jim Bowie

Dawn at the Alamo, Prints and Photographs Collection, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State
Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from https://www.tsl.texas.gov/mcardle/paintings/alamo-big.html

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Is there bias in this painting?

Dawn at the Alamo, Prints and Photographs Collection, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State
Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from https://www.tsl.texas.gov/mcardle/paintings/alamo-big.html

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

The Fall of the Alamo

Fall of the Alamo. 1903. Onderdonk, Robert J. Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FalloftheAlamo.jpg

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Surrender of Santa Anna

Surrender of Santa Anna. 1886. William Henry Huddle, oil on canvas.
Capitol Historical Artifact Collection, State Preservation Board. Retrieved from
https://tspb.texas.gov/prop/tc/tc-collection/artwork/index.html
https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Lesson Overview

The Texas Revolution began well before 1836 and started as a fight between
conflicting ideas about government in Mexico. Those living in Texas were divided;
some believed they were fighting for independence, and others were fighting to
restore the Constitution of 1824. In this lesson, the students will explore more
about the significant events in the Texas Revolution that included

•

1835 Siege of San Antonio de Bexar

•

Battle of the Alamo

•

Goliad Massacre

•

Battle of San Jacinto

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Battles of the Texas Revolution:
1835-1836

Current State of Affairs in Mexico

What was going on with Mexico in 1835?

Much of Mexico was in rebellion.

The Mexican States led by the states of Yucatan, Zacatecas, and
Coahuila y Tejas were upset because Santa Anna overthrew his
own government, threw out the Constitution of 1824, ended
Federalism, and assumed dictatorial powers for himself.

Santa Anna felt Federalism failed to bring the necessary stability
to Mexico.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Multiple Choice

MUCH OF MEXICO WAS IN....

• DEBT

• REBELLION

• POVERTY

• FEAR

Draw

Santa Anna overthrew his own government, threw out the Constitution of 1824, ended Federalism, and assumed dictatorial powers for himself.

DRAW A PICTURE BELOW OF SANTA ANNA BEIGN A DICTATOR

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Texas was in Rebellion

In December 1835, General Cos and the Mexican army were
defeated by the Texans at the Siege of San Antonio de Bexar.
With the surrender of the Mexican Army, they were released
to return to Mexico and never return to Texas. Many people
believed that the Mexican troops would remain out of the
region for months.

Yet from Santa Anna’s perspective, Texas was in a state of
rebellion, and his plan was simple - crush the insurgency in
Texas as he had in Zacatecas and make examples of the rebels.

Multiple Choice

In December 1835, General Cos and the Mexican army were defeated by the _____ at the _______

• FRENCH, OHIO RIVER VALLEY

• TEXANS, SIEGE OF SAN ANTONIO DE BEXAER

• ANGLOS, BATTTLE OF MEDINA

• JAGUARS, JHP GYM

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Santa Anna Arrives
On February 23, 1836, Santa Anna and his army
arrived at San Antonio and laid siege to the
Alamo. The Texians barricaded themselves inside
the Alamo. The Alamo defenders did not intend
to die there; many believed they would be
reinforced. One of Travis's first acts was sending
out couriers to request aid and reinforcements.

Another request was sent to Goliad to James
Fannin to come to their aid with his 400
volunteers, and another went to the Texas
settlements asking for more men and
reinforcements.

Tolucan Battalion Flag. Archives and Information Services Division,
Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from
https://www.tsl.texas.gov/historicflags/4034Toluca.html

Multiple Choice

WHAT DID THE TEXANS DO WHEN SANTA ANNA AND HIS ARMY ARRIVED IN SAN ANTONIO ?

• SURRENEDED

• BARRICADED (BLOCK/DEFEND) THEMSELVES INSIDE OF THE ALAMO

• WAVED THE "COME AND TAKE IT" FLAG AND BEGAN TO FIGHT

• MADE A COMPROMISE WITH SANTA ANNA AND HIS ARMY

A Chance to Surrender

Santa Anna gave the Texans one final chance to
reconsider and surrender, but Texans fired a cannon
shot at the Mexican army to say “NO!”

Santa Anna then raised the red no quarter flag,
meaning “No Prisoners!”

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Multiple Choice

Texans fired a cannon shot at the Mexican army to say “OKAY"

• FALSE

• TRUE

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Siege of the Alamo

The Mexican army kept up a constant cannonade throughout the 13-day
siege. The Alamo was never intended to withstand long-term cannonade.
It was built to withstand Indian attacks and serve as a mission. Yet the
defenders of the Alamo held out, hoping that the rest of Texas would rally
to the cause and reinforce them.

Then under cover of darkness on March 1, 1836, a small group of 32 men
arrived from nearby Gonzales to reinforce the Alamo. In the celebration of
the arrival of the Gonzales group, Travis fired off two cannon shots—one
of which tore through the tent of Santa Anna’s headquarters. Two days
later, another rider brought the news that Fannin and his men from Goliad
were not coming.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Susanna Wilkerson Dickinson pt.2

By December of 1835, she and her baby Angelina joined her husband
and the other Texian volunteers in San Antonio. On February 23, 1836,
the Dickinson family, along with other women, children, and Texian
volunteers retreated to the Alamo to endure the 13-day siege.

Following the battle on March 6, 1836, Susanna and Angelina, along
with “upwards of a dozen” other Tejano women, children, and African
American men were taken by Mexican soldiers to be interviewed by
General Santa Anna. Various accounts state that Santa Anna sent each
woman away with two pesos and a blanket. Many of the survivors
returned to their family home in or near San Antonio. Susanna,
however, had lost her husband and had no family in Texas to return to.

Susanna Wilkerson Dickinson. Texas State
Library and Archives.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Diagram of the Alamo

Battle of the Alamo

Santa Anna ordered the end of the constant
cannonade on March 5, which he hoped would lull
the defenders of the Alamo into sleep. In the
predawn darkness on March 6, 1836, the Battle of
the Alamo began as Santa Anna’s army launched
rocket flares and began firing as they advanced from
four sides.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Battle of the Alamo 1stWave

Hardin, Stephen L. Texian Iliad. Austin: University of Texas Press,
1994.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Battle of the Alamo 2nd Wave

Hardin, Stephen L. Texian Iliad. Austin: University of Texas Press,
1994.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Battle of the Alamo 3rdand Final Wave

Hardin, Stephen L. Texian Iliad. Austin: University of Texas Press,
1994.

Draw

DRAW THE 3RD WAVE OF THE ALAMO BELOW.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Santa Anna Divides his Army

Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Campaigns of the Texas
Revolution.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media
repository, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Campaigns_of_the
_Texas_Revolution.jpg&oldid=509769018 (accessed August 19, 2021). derived from
Pageant of America, Vol. 2, The Lure of the Frontier (1928), Yale University Press.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Goliad Massacre

With Fannin’s surrender, the Texan army was
marched back to Goliad as prisoners. The wounded
were placed in the hospital at the presidio. Several
days later, those who could walk were divided into
three groups, marched out of the presidio in
separate directions, and summarily executed by
Santa Anna’s troops. The wounded were also taken
out and shot.

A handful managed to get away, but the vast
majority – about 400 men -- were cut down where
they stood. With the help of Francisca Alvarez, 20
men were able to escape execution. She is known
today as the “Angel of Goliad.”

Moore, Larry D., "File:Angel of Goliad Texas Centennial
Monument.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media
repository, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?tit
le=File:Angel_of_Goliad_Texas_Centennial_Monument.jpg&
oldid=547075114 (accessed August 19, 2021). CC BY-SA 4.0

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Battle Cry

The memory of those Texas defenders who fought and
died to the very last man in the struggle for
independence at the Alamo and later Goliad angered
Texans. That anger would fuel the Texans' resentment
towards Santa Anna and the Mexican government.

“Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” would
become the battle cry of Texans everywhere.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

An Account of the Runaway Scrape

Creed Taylor, who served in the Texas Army, recalled in 1900:

“I have never witnessed such scenes of distress and human suffering . . .
Delicate women trudged alongside their horses, carts, or sleds from day to
day until their shoes were literally worn out, then continued the journey
with bare feet, lacerated and bleeding at almost every step. Their clothes
were scant, and with no means of shelter from frequent rains and bitter
winds, they traveled on through the long days in wet and bedragged apparel,
finding even at night little relief from their suffering since the wet earth and
angry sky offered no relief . . . Thus these half-clad, mud-besmeared
fugitives, looking like veritable savages, trudged along.”

The Runaway Scrape narrated by Creed Taylor, ca. 1900, in Tall Men with Long Rifles by James T. DeShields
Wallace L. McKeehan, Sons of Dewitt Colony Texas, 1997-2018

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

San Jacinto

Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Campaigns of the Texas
Revolution.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media
repository, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Campaigns_of_the
_Texas_Revolution.jpg&oldid=509769018 (accessed August 19, 2021). derived from
Pageant of America, Vol. 2, The Lure of the Frontier (1928), Yale University Press.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

San Jacinto Battlefield

Hardin, Stephen L. Texian Iliad. Austin: University of Texas Press,
1994.

https://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Battle of San Jacinto

The Battle of San Jacinto, Prints and Photographs Collection, Archives and Information Services
Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved from
https://www.tsl.texas.gov/mcardle/paintings/sanjac-big.html

Multiple Choice

The Battle of San Jacinto was the...

• First battle of the Texas Revolution

• The final battle of the Texas Revolution

• Mexican Victory war

• Grito de delores

Multiple Choice

What did Santa Anna do after the battle?

• He fled the scene

• He tried asking for forgiveness

• He surrendered

• He played dead

Multiple Choice

What is a treaty?

• a peace agreement

• a comprise

• a rap song

Open Ended

What is one thing the Treaty declared?