Unit A Review Bio 20

Unit A Review

Biology 20

I can...

….explain the constant flow of energy through the biosphere and ecosystems

• explain, in general terms, the one-way flow of energy through the biosphere and how stored energy in the biosphere, as a system, is eventually “lost” as heat;

• explain how energy in the biosphere can be perceived as a balance between both photosynthetic and chemosynthetic activities and cellular respiratory activities; i.e., 

  • energy flow in photosynthetic environments

  • energy flow in deep sea vent (chemosynthetic) ecosystems and other extreme environments

• explain the structure of ecosystem trophic levels, using models such as food chains and food webs 

• explain, quantitatively, the flow of energy and the exchange of matter in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, using models such as pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy

Ms. A

Multiple Choice

Identify three abiotic factors of the ecosystem shown in the image

• rain, sunlight, and soil quality

• water temperature, water lilies, and minnows

• poplars, grasses, and earthworms

• soil quality, bacteria, and earthworms

Multiple Choice

Explain how two members of the biotic community affect an abiotic factor.

• Pine trees and poplar trees affect the growth of grasses.

• Beavers and shrubs affect the number of poplar trees.

• Water temperature and pond oxygen levels affect the amount of plankton in the lake.

• Poplar trees and shrubs lose their leaves, which are decomposed and improve soil quality.

Multiple Choice

Biodiversity can be explained as

• the number of different species found in an ecosystem

• the different traits found within a species

• the number of organisms of the same species within a population

• the number of organisms of different extinct species within a population

Multiple Choice

Identify which choice gives two correct reasons why scientists are concerned about a reduction in the frog population.

• Frogs are indicator species because they are interconnected to all species in an ecosystem. Frogs are sensitive to changes in sunlight.

• Frogs have survived more than 400 million years. Frog populations cannot withstand the coming of an ice age.

• Frogs are a part of two different ecosystems (freshwater and terrestrial). Frogs belong to two different food chains.

• Frog populations have been slowly decreasing for the past 100 million years and now the population is increasing. Frogs are indicator species used to predict changes in the ozone layer.

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice in which the terms community and biosphere.

• A community is the populations of all species that occupy a habitat. The biosphere is the biotic community and its physical environment.

• A community is the populations of all species that occupy a habitat. The biosphere is a group of organisms of different species, occupying a given area at a certain time..

• A community is a population of the same species, occupying a given area at a certain time. The biosphere is the area of Earth in which life is found.

• A community is the populations of all species that occupy a habitat. The biosphere is the area of Earth in which life is found.

I can...

… explain the cycling of matter through the biosphere

• explain and summarize the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus and relate this to general reuse of all matter in the biosphere

• explain water’s primary role in the biogeochemical cycles, considering its chemical and physical properties; i.e., universal solvent, hydrogen bonding.

Ms. A

Multiple Choice

An example of an ecosystem in equilibrium would be

• a grassland community in which the number of producers and consumers remains relatively constant over a number of years

• a naturally occurring grassland community in which fire is prevented

• a pond ecosystem in which the water temperature changes little throughout the year

• a pond ecosystem in which the population of algae remains constant throughout the year

Multiple Choice

Fungi, mushrooms, and bread mould can be classified by ecologists as

• producers

• herbivores

• carnivores

• decomposer

Multiple Choice

Photosynthesis can best be explained by the following simplified equation

• CO2 + H2O + O2 --> ENERGY + C6H12O6

• CO2 +H2O + ENERGY --> C6H12O6 + O2

• ENERGY + C6H12O6 --> CO2 + H2O + O2

• C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ENERGY

Draw

Explain the first and second law of thermodynamics using the image below.

Draw

Sketch the predicted shape of the pyramid of numbers and energy using the organisms in the figure.

I can...

… explain the balance of energy and matter exchange in the biosphere, as an open system, and explain how this maintains equilibrium.

• explain the interrelationship of energy, matter and ecosystem productivity (biomass production)

• explain how the equilibrium between gas exchanges in photosynthesis and cellular respiration influences atmospheric composition

• describe the geologic evidence (stromatolites) and scientific explanations for change in atmospheric composition, with respect to oxygen and carbon dioxide, from anoxic conditions to the present, and describe the significance to current biosphere equilibrium.

Ms. A

Multiple Choice

Which statements accurately describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Photosynthesis is carried out by plants and animals and uses glucose as the energy source. Cellular respiration is carred out by plants only and uses solar energy as the energy source.i

• Photosynthesis is carried out by plants only and uses glucose as the energy source. Cellular respiration is carred out by plants and animals and uses solar energy as the energy source.

• Photosynthesis is carried out by plants only and uses solar energy as the energy source. Cellular respiration is carred out by plants and animals and uses glucose as the energy source.

• Photosynthesis is carried out by plants and animals and uses solar energy as the energy source. Cellular respiration is carred out only by plants and uses carbon dioxide as the energy source.

Multiple Choice

At various stages in the decay process, bacteria can break down nitrates to nitrites, and then nitrites to (1) __________. The process called (2) __________ releases nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere.

• (1) nitrate, (2) denitrification

• (1) nitrogen gas, (2) denitrification

• (1) nitrate, (2) nitrogen fixation

• (1) nitrogen gas, (2) nitrogen fixation

Multiple Choice

The term albedo is used to describe the extent to which a material can reflect sunlight. Which substance has the highest albedo?

• Dark soil: It absorbs sunlight, which warms the surface of the biosphere and stimulates plant growth.

• Water: It holds the heat from solar energy and serves as a heat source for the land.

• Snow: It is a contributing factor to low temperatures experienced during winter. It also delays spring, even though there is more solar radiation available per unit area.

• Clouds: They ensure that less incoming radiant energy is reflected directly back into space. Clouds decrease solar radiation, thereby increasing the warming of the air, which in turn decreases plant growth.

Poll

Predict what will happen if fertilizers are carried from the land to an aquatic ecosystem with spring runoff.

• 80 % in the soil sample that contained 15 % of its water capacity

• 80 % in the soil sample that contained 10 % of its water capacity.

• 20 % in the soil sample that contained 20 % of its water capacity.

• 20 % in the soil sample that contained 25 % of its water capacity.

Multiple Choice

A step-by-step sequence showing how organisms feed on each other is referred to as

• an ecosystem

• a food chain

• a population

• an ecological pyramid

Multiple Choice

Predict what will happen if fertilizers are carried from the land to an aquatic ecosystem with spring runoff.

• Algae populations will decrease, since nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers inhibit all plant growth, including algae.

• Algae populations will increase, since nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers promote all plant growth, including algae.

• Fish populations will increase, since increased plant growth will provide more carbon dioxide for fish.

• Fish populations will be unaffected, since fish do not use nitrates found in fertilizers.

I can...

… explain that the biosphere is composed of ecosystem, each with distinctive biotic an abiotic characteristics

• define species, population, community and ecosystem and explain the interrelationships among theme

• explain how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems support a diversity of organisms through a variety of habitats and niches

• identify biotic and abiotic characteristics and explain their influence in an aquatic and a terrestrial ecosystem in the local region;

• explain how limiting factors influence organism distribution and range; e.g.,

  • abiotic factors: soil, relative humidity, moisture, ambient temperature, sunlight, nutrients, oxygen

  • biotic factors: competitors, predators and parasites

Ms. A

Open Ended

Why is the greatest number of species found in the ecotone?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

• carbon dioxide

• methane

• carbon monoxide

• water vapour

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is density-dependent?

• Disease

• Drought

• Habitat destruction

• Climate change

Multiple Choice

What term describes the number of times species reproduces each year?

• birth potential

• capacity for survival

• breeding frequency

• length of reproductive life

That's a Wrap on Unit A

​To do

Unit A and Unit B Review Booklet

Ms. A