Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

DNA Transcription and Translation

​Learning Objective

​Understand the process and purpose of protein synthesis via transcription and translation.

DNA is the genetic code for life, but what does the code actually do?

​DNA is a series of nucleotides that tells your body which proteins to make. The code is transcribed then translated in the process of protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

What is the outcome of DNA transcription and translation?

• Make muscles

• Make protein

• Make cells

• Make DNA

Multiple Choice

What is the basic unit (monomer) of DNA?

• Phosphate Group

• Nucleotide

• Amino Acid

• Monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

What shape is DNA?

• Alpha Helix

• Double Helix

• Tangled

• Flat

Dropdown

DNA is the ​

Select answer

of ​ life .​

​The Basics

• DNA stores genetic code

• a copy of a gene is made and this copy is called mRNA

• mRNA is read by a ribosome

• tRNA brings in amino acids

• the amino acids chain together to create a protein

​

​DNA is kept safe inside of the nucleus of the cell (except for mitosis and meiosis)

​To keep DNA safe in eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus) a copy of the gene is made in the nucleus and then the copy exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell. This copy is called mRNA, or messenger RNA.

​RNA is different than DNA

​

​

​

​DNA

​RNA

​Both

• Ribose Sugar

• Nitrogenous Base Uracil

• Single Strand

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• double stranded (usually)

• Nitrogenous base Thymine

• Phosphate group - backbone of DNA

Multiple Select

What is true of RNA? (select all that apply)

• Single Strand

• Contains uracil

• Ribose Sugar

• Deoxyribose Sugar

Multiple Select

What is true of DNA?

• Double Helix

• Contains Thymine

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• Ribose Sugar

​mRNA moves into the cytoplasm and is picked up by the ribosome. Ribosomes are protein building machines.

​Each group of three nucleotides makes up a CODON. The codons tell the tRNA which amino acid to connect in the protein chain (polypeptide). The nucleotides that "match" on the tRNA are called the anti-codon.

Multiple Choice

What subunits comprise a ribosome?

• large and small

• big and little

• big and small

• large and little

Using these charts we can translate the mRNA into amino acids, and then a protein chain.

Multiple Choice

Which amino acid will be added to a protein chain if the codon is UAA?

• Ser

• Lys

• Ala

• STOP