Particles - 2

Particles - 2

We'll be looking at the big recap and particles - 1 from last time, and we will be learning new particles today.

Recap

What we looked at last time

• Stroke order

• Verbs - 1

• Particles - 1

Are you ready for a few questions?

Multiple Choice

Group 1 verbs are...

• る verbs

• う verbs

• exceptions

Fill in the Blanks

あるかない = to not walk

walked = ?

(plain)

Open Ended

Please translate the following sentence:

私は車を聞こえました

Particles - 2

Introducing more particles today

The question you just answered tested not only if you remembered the words you were supposed to study: it also tested if you remembered は and を. Let's do a quick recap of the both of them!

Don't worry, you got this!

を

• Direct object marker

• End of a sentence

What do you recall about the both of these?

Particles - 1

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct?

私はベッドを寝ます

(わたし　は　ベッド　を　ねます）

（I, bed, to sleep)

• Yes, 私 is marked by は, and the bed is marked by を, which is the object.

• No, 私 should be marked with を too.

• No, the bed can't be marked with を in this case, as you can't ''sleep a bed''.

• Yes, though it would be considered an unusual sentence because of を.

​は

• Topic marker

• Contrasting topics

• Contrast

• い/な - adjectives

• Question words

• Buying time while talking

Particles - 1

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct?

お肉は食べないけど、魚は食べるよ。

(おにく　は　たべない　けど、さかな　は　たべる　よ。）

（meat, to not eat, but, fish, to eat)

• Yes, は is used in a contrasting way and it sheds light on both topics.

• No, は is incorrect. It should be が.

• No, the second は should be を.

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct?

A: 誰は「Stijn」です？

Marlene: 彼氏ですよ！

• Yes

• No

が - subject marker

が marks the grammatical subject of a sentence. This is always a noun. It also puts emphasis on that subject, and eliminates other subjects.

Particles - 2

Picks a certain subject as the only possible subject for that time being

が

Shines light on a topic, leaving other potential subjects in the shadows

​は

は vs が

Picks a certain subject as the only possible subject for that time being

The words before are more important!

が

Shines light on a topic, leaving other potential subjects in the shadows

The words after are more important!

​は

は vs が

これが私のペンです

This is my pen

が

これは私のペンです

This is my pen

​は

は vs が

これが私のペンです

This is my pen

Describes which pen is my pen

が

これは私のペンです

This is my pen

Describes what this is

​は

は vs が

Stijnがオランダ人です

Stijn is (the one that's) Dutch

が

Stijnはオランダ人です

Stijn is Dutch

​は

は vs が

は vs が

Both in the same sentence

この国は桜がきれいですね (桜＝さくら）

Some text here about the topic of discussion

は vs が

Both in the same sentence

この国は桜がきれいですね (桜＝さくら）

This country has beautiful blossoms, right?

が indicates what is beautiful. You can see this sentence as a simple structure to follow.

は vs が

Both in the same sentence

X は Y が ...　です。

The main topic is X, but Y is the one that is...

は vs が

Both in the same sentence

私の猫は目が青いです。(猫＝ねこ、目＝め、青い＝あおい）

は vs が

Both in the same sentence

私の猫は目が青いです。(猫＝ねこ、目＝め、青い＝あおい）

My cat has blue eyes.

(The main topic is my cat, and as for it's eyes, those are blue.)

は vs が

Even more practice!

Akane: みささんの髪は長いね。

Misa: え、首が長い？

Akane: いや、髪だよ。首じゃなくて、髪が長い。

(髪＝かみ、首＝くび）

は vs が

Sentences that usually contain が

X が好きです / Ｘが大好きです

What happens when we turn が into は in this case?

は vs が

Sentences that usually contain が

Xが分かりますか？（わかります）

Xが上手です　（じょうず）

Xが下手です　（へた）

Xが欲しいです　（ほしい）

Xが痛いです　（いたい）

は vs が

Sentences that usually contain が

Xがある (non-living)

Xがいる (living)

が - subject marker

And there you have the usage of が！Comparing it to the usage of は explained the usage of が as a whole.

Particles - 2

よ - sentence ending particle

よ is always used as a sentence ending particle. It might seem like something that just comes naturally, but there are a lot of usages for it that are quite simple to remember!

It is usually used when you're offering new information to someone.

Particles - 2

よ - directly after a verb

食べるよ

I'll eat

Particles - 2

よ - directly after adjectives

い-adjectives

熱いよ (あつい）

な-adjectives

しずかよ (feminine)

しずかだよ (neutral)

しずかですよ (neutral + polite)

Particles - 2

よ - directly after nouns

猫よ (feminine)

猫だよ (neutral)

猫ですよ (neutral + polite)

Particles - 2

よ - in context

Alerting someone

Giving opinions

Being pushy

Contradicting

Agreement

Emphasizing your feelings

Particles - 2

よ - quick examples

Alerting someone:

晩ごはんできたよ！

Dinner is ready!

Particles - 2

よ - quick examples

Giving opinions:

すごく美味しかったですよ。

It was very delicious.

Particles - 2

よ - quick examples

Being pushy:

そろそろ何か食べようよ。

Let's eat something soon.

Particles - 2

よ - quick examples

Contradicting:

A: 怒っているように見える。(怒って＝おこって)

B: 怒ったじゃないよ。

A: You look angry.

B: I'm not angry.

Particles - 2

よ - quick examples

Agreement:

いいですよ

Sure.

Particles - 2

よ - quick examples

Emphasizing your feelings:

お腹すいたよー

I'm so hungry!

Particles - 2

Multiple Choice

Thank you for listening!

A quick poll for the next class

What do you want to learn next?

• Particles - 3

• Verbs - 2

• Adjectives - 1

• Transistive and intransistive verbs