3.1 Biology

​Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function

​1. Cell Theory (3.1)

A. Early studies led to the development of

the cell theory

​1. Discovery of Cells

a. Robert Hooke (1665) - used compound microscope to look at cork cells. Gave name "cells"

b. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)-

made powerful single lens microscope.

One of the first to look at and describe

living cells

2. More was learned as microscopes were improved

Multiple Choice

Robert Hooke did what?

• invented single lens microscope

• Coined the word "cells"

• Updated the microscope

• Discovered the atom

Multiple Choice

Anton van Leeuwenhoek did what?

• invented single lens microscope

• Coined the word "cells"

• Updated the microscope

• Discovered the atom

​B. Development of Cell Theory

1. Matthias Schleiden (1838) - proposed all plants made of cells

2. Theodor Schwann (1839) - after talking with Schleiden, concluded that all animals were also composed of cells

3. Rudolf Virchow (1855) - proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Multiple Choice

Who proposed plants were made of cells?

• Matthias Schleiden

• Theodor Schwann

• Rudolf Virchow

• Robert Hooke

Multiple Choice

Who proposed animals were made of cells?

• Matthias Schleiden

• Theodor Schwann

• Rudolf Virchow

• Robert Hooke

​ 4. Accumulated research summarized as Cell Theory (one of first unifying concepts in biology

a. All organisms are made of cells

b. All existing cells are produced by other living cells

 

c. The cell is the most basic unit of life

​C. All cells share certain characteristics

  1. Cells tend to be microscopic

  2. All cells are enclosed by a membrane

 

3. All cells are filled with cytoplasm

​D. Cells can be separated into two broad categories

 1. Prokaryotic cells- do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

2. Eukaryotic cells- have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. May be single or multicellular organisms

Multiple Choice

Which cell does not have a nucleus?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic