Any and Some

Energy Transformations

Answer each question and fill in your notes in schoology.

Energy changing from one form to another...

is sometimes called energy conversion or energy transformation.

>>> Any form of energy can change into any other form of energy.

Multiple Choice

See the picture. There is electrical energy coming from the outlet in the wall. When the energy goes into the lamp what energy does it transform into?

• Mechanical Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Sound Energy

• Light Energy

Often one form of energy can change into more than one form.

Chemical-> Heat-> Kinetic-> Electrical-> Heat

Multiple Select

When wood burn it changes from chemical energy to what 2 other forms of energy? Click the 2 other forms.

• Radiant (Light)

• Nuclear

• Heat

• Mechanical

Multiple Select

A gasoline-powered generator is used to provide lighting for a house.

Choose the best 3 energy forms found in this transformation example?

• Chemical

• Mechanical

• Light

• Nuclear

Multiple Choice

Skateboarder #1 is showing potential energy as he waits at the top of the half pipe.

Skateboarder #2 has dropped into the half pipe, to what type of energy has he converted his potential energy?

• Potential

• Thermal

• Kinetic

• Chemical

Food is chemical energy used to make the body function.

• It is converted into kinetic energy to help the body move

• It is also converted into thermal energy to keep the body warm.

Energy Conversion in Plants

• Chemical energy stored in the food we eat ultimately comes from the sun.

• The process is called photosynthesis. Light energy is converted into chemical energy.

Some examples of energy conversions

Open Ended

What are the energy conversion for a hair dryer?

Open Ended

What are the energy conversions for a radio?

Released during chemical reactions​

Chemical Energy

The movement of electrical charges usually through wires​

Electrical Energy​

​

The energy of the movement of particles in an object. ​

Thermal Energy

The total potential and kinetic energy. ​

Mechanical Energy

The transfer or movement of heat without matter to carry it

Radiant Energy​

​

Vibrations that can be heard.​

Sound Energy

​

​The energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom.

Nuclear Energy

​

Stored Energy because of an object's position or condition.

Potential Energy

The energy of Motion.

When energy is being used. ​

Kinetic Energy

​Energy Transformations: Kinetic and Potential

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation of a violin?

• Mechanical to thermal

• Mechanical to Sound

• Sound to Mechanical

• Thermal to Sound

Multiple Choice

What is the energy Transformation of a remote-controlled car?

• Chemical to electrical to mechanical

• electrical to chemical to mechanical

• mechanical to electrical to chemical

• Chemical to Mechanical to electrical

Whenever work is done, energy is transformed or transferred to another system.

• Energy is the ability to do work.​

Energy and Work

Types of Energy

​Mechanical	​Potential	Kinetic
Chemical	Thermal	Nuclear
Electrical	​Electromagnetic	Sound

​Each of these forms of energy can be converted into other forms of energy.

definition: the energy associated with the motion or position of an object.

• this is the sum (total amount) of potential and kinetic energy in a system.

  • Kinetic energy: the energy of motion

  • Potential Energy: the energy that is stored in an object (energy of position)

Mechanical Energy

definition: energy that results from the flow of electrons

• electric charges can exert forces that do work​

Electrical Energy

definition: the energy stored in chemical bonds

• when bonds are broken the released energy can do work​

Chemical Energy

definition: energy given off as heat (friction)

• Force vs Friction

  • Friction is a type of force that opposes motion, or makes it difficult for an object to move across a surface.​

​

Thermal Energy

definition: the energy stored in atomic nuclei

• Remember:

  • nuclear fission releases energy by splitting nuclei apart

  • nuclear fusion combines 2 nuclei into a larger nucleus​ which releases energy

Nuclear Energy

definition: energy that moves through a substance such as air or water

• this is caused by vibrations (periodic back-and-forth motion).

• Solids, liquids and gases can transmit sounds as waves.

​

Sound Energy

definition: energy that travels through space in the form of waves (also called radiant energy)

• visible light and x-rays are examples of electromagnetic energy​

Electromagnetic Energy

The process of changing energy from one form to another

Energy Conversions

​Chemical

Energy​

​Mechanical

Energy​

​Kinetic

Energy​

States that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be changed (transferred).

• energy can be transferred to another object/system or into another form

  • example:

    • a roller coaster

      • at the top of the coaster you have potential energy but when you drop it turns to kinetic energy

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy Transformation Practice

What type of energy transfer is being shown?

What type of energy transfer is being shown?

​Chemical

​Mechanical (movement)

Multiple Choice

What type of energy transformation is being shown in the image?

(eaten apple --> person riding a bike)

• chemical to light

• electrical to light

• chemical to mechanical

• light to heat (thermal)

Multiple Choice

What type of energy transformation is being shown in the image?

(battery --> flashlight)

• chemical to light

• potential to light

• chemical to mechanical

• light to heat (thermal)

Types of Energy Transfer

Energy can be transferred from one system to another (or from a system to its environment) in different ways:

1.)Thermal 2.)Mechanical

3.)Electrical 4.)Electromagnetic waves

Multiple Choice

• light energy to chemical energy

• light energy to electrical energy

• light energy to kinetic energy

• light energy to potential energy

Multiple Choice

• light energy to electrical energy

• electrical energy to light energy

• electrical and heat energy to light energy

• electrical energy to light energy and heat energy

Multiple Choice

• kinetic energy to elastic potential energy

• elastic potential energy to kinetic energy

• kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy

• gravitational potential energy ti kinetic energy

Multiple Choice

• kinetic energy to elastic potential energy

• elastic potential energy to kinetic energy

• kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy

• gravitational potential energy ti kinetic energy

Multiple Choice

A microwave turns electricity into _____ and then to _______.

• Mechanical and then to thermal

• thermal and then to mechanical

• electromagnetic and then to thermal

• thermal and then to nuclear

Multiple Choice

A car turns CHEMICAL energy into what?

• Sound Energy

• Thermal (Heat) Energy

• Light Energy

• Mechanical Energy

How do we use energy transfer?

• Refrigerators

• Microwaves

• Ovens

• Lights

• Batteries

• Cars

Some and Any

Quantifier

for plural and uncountable nouns

Some

> In positive statements

... I bought some flowers for you.

> In offers

... Would you like some juice?

Any

> In negative statements

... Sorry, there isn't any chicken left for you.

> In questions (we don't know the answer)

... Have you got any apples?

Exception

> In positive statements + never / without / hardly

... We simply never go anywhere.

... We stuck here in this town without any help.

Multiple Select

Would you like ______ tea? No, thanks.

• some

• any

Multiple Select

It's always the same, Peter isn't allowed to go without ______ parent watching us.

• some

• any

NOUNS - COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

SOME, ANY

GRAMMAR RULE

Use ‘some’ with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Use ‘any’ for negatives or questions with countable and uncountable nouns.

I’ve got some bananas and some honey.

I haven’t got any oranges or any milk.

Have you got any pears or any juice?

BE CAREFUL!!

We use ‘a’ or ‘an’ with singular countable nouns. We put ‘s’ on plural countable nouns. We don’t use ‘a’ or put ‘s’ on uncountable nouns.

I can see a cat.

There are some dogs.

I haven’t got any chocolate.

WE SAY ... WE DON'T SAY

There isn’t any cheese. (NOT There isn’t any cheeses.)

Multiple Choice

WOULD YOU LIKE _______ CHEESE AND BREAD?

• SOME

• ANY

• A

Multiple Choice

Have you got ______ oranges?

• A

• AN

• ANY

Multiple Select

CHOOSE THE CONTABLE NOUNS

Multiple Select

CHOOSE THE CONTABLE NOUNS

Some vs Any

• Use some in positive sentence

• Use any in negative and interrogative sentence

Multiple Choice

(...) there any dog?

• are

• is

• aren't

• isn't

Multiple Choice

There is (...) cat

• a

• any

• some

• an

Multiple Choice

There is (...) elephant

• any

• some

• a

• an

Multiple Choice

There is (...) bread in the kitchen

• any

• some

one book, three books

one possibility, ​two possibilities

one piece, four pieces​

• A countable noun has a singular and a plural form.

• The plural may be irregular.

• We can use numbers with it.​

Countable & Uncountable

Countable noun

plastic, iron, wood, paper, glass

life, fun, progress, health, time​

​work, travel, sleep, football

anger, honesty, respect, courage​

• Materials & substances:

• Abstract ideas:

• Activities:

• Human feelings:

Countable & Uncountable

Typical uncountables are

work, love, progress, information, water, English(language)

• An uncoutable noun has only one form

• We can't use numbers with it​

Countable & Uncountable

Uncountable noun

French is difficult

His advice was very helpful​

The book is over there

The books are over there​

Grammar

Countable nouns can be singular or plural

Uncountable nouns are always singular

Bill has got some money to buy a car

Can I have some water​

Bill has got a book/some books about Ancient Rome

Grammar

With countable nouns we can use a/an, some

With uncountable nouns we cannot use a/an

We've got some juice, but we haven't got any glasses.

​Have you got any cups?

SOME or ANY?

SOME is common in positive sentences

ANY is common in questions and negatives

Could I have some more tea ,please?

SOME or ANY?

But we can use SOME in questions if it is an offer or request

We can use ANY in positive if it means 'doesn't matter which'

​Im free any day next week

Is there something I can do to help?

Is there anything I can do to help?​

​Have you got some letters for me?

​

Have you got any letters for me?​

SOME or ANY?

ANY always has the meaning of 'no limit'. Compare​:

(I know what to do)

(I'll do whatever I can)​

(There are particular letters

I am expecting )​

​(I have no idea if you have any letters)