Geosphere Unit Review

Geosphere

Unit Review

Earth's Layers, Plate Boundaries, Disruptions, and Landforms!

Earth's Layers

• Earth is made of four layers.

• We live on the crust, made of cool rocks and oceans.

• Next, we have the mantle made of hot liquid rock.

• Then we have the inner and outer core. They are extremely hot and made of metal.

• Scientists made inferences about the inner layers. We cannot really dig through the Earth because the inner layers are so hot.

Reorder

Organize the Layers from the Surface to the Deepest.

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer Core

• Inner Core

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

How does temperature change as you move from the crust to the core?

• it gets cooler

• it gets hotter

• it stays the same

• the core is frozen

Match

Match the layer to its composition.

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer Core

• Inner Core

Solid Rock

Liquid Rock

Liquid Metal

Solid Metal

• Solid Rock

• Liquid Rock

• Liquid Metal

• Solid Metal

Match

When can scientists observe this layer?

• crust
• mantle
• core

Always

During Volcanic Eruptions

Never

• Always

• During Volcanic Eruptions

• Never

Open Ended

"The crust and mantle are similar because ___.

They are different because ___."

Earth's Plates

• The crust is made of solid rock called Plates. There are 12 main plates.

• Remember that the plates are solid, but they are floating on the mantle, which is liquid. ​

• So, the plates ​move due to changes that happen in the mantle below.

• The movement of the plates is called Plate Tectonics.​

Multiple Select

Which two facts help to explain why the plates move?

(Pick 2!)

• The plates in the crust are liquid.

• The plates in the crust are solid.

• The mantle below is solid.

• The mantle below is liquid.

Multiple Choice

The movement of the plates is caused by ___.

• Magnets

• Asteroids

• Changes in the mantle

​Review - Plate Boundaries

• Earth's crust is cracked into 12 plates.

• The plates can be Oceanic or Continental.

• The plates meet at boundaries.

• Scientists study plate boundaries because changes in the geosphere happen there.

• They classify plate boundaries into:

  • Convergent

  • Divergent

  • Transform

  ​

Multiple Choice

Scientists study Plate Boundaries because ____.

• The government forces them to.

• Most changes in the geosphere happen at plate boundaries.

• The plate boundaries never change so they are easy to study.

Match

Match the plate boundary to its definition.

• Plates spread apart

• Plates come together

• Plates rub against each other

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transform

Match

Match the plate boundary to its diagram.

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transform

​Review - Disruptions

• The geosphere is constantly changing.

• Most changes to the geosphere happen at plate boundaries.

• Temporary changes are called "Disruptions."

• An Earthquake is a temporary disruption caused by energy rising from a transform boundary.

• A Volcanic Eruption is a temporary disruption caused by magma rising from a convergent or divergent boundary.

  ​

Dropdown

​

Select answer

are most likely to happen at ​ transform boundaries,

but ​

Select answer

are most likely to happen at convergent and divergent boundaries.

Dropdown

During an Earthquake, ​

Select answer

rises from underground to the surface,

but during a Volcanic Eruption ​

Select answer

rises from underground to the surface.

Dropdown

Scientists can predict ​

Select answer

so people can ​

Select answer

, but they cannot predict ​

Select answer

so people need ​ ​

Select answer

.

Multiple Choice

Can destroy infrastructure like buildings, roads, and bridges

• Volcanic Eruption

• Earthquake

• Both

Multiple Choice

Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquakes mostly happen near which Ocean?

• Pacific

• Atlantic

• Arctic

• Indian

Match

Match the classification to the description.

Extinct

Dormant

Active

• Extinct

• Dormant

• Active

Match

Match the classification to the description.

• Active

• Dormant

• Extinct

Have erupted recently and will erupt again soon.

Used to erupt and may erupt again one day.

Used to erupt but will not erupt again.

• Have erupted recently and will erupt again soon.

• Used to erupt and may erupt again one day.

• Used to erupt but will not erupt again.

Open Ended

"Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquakes are similar because ___.

They are different because ___."

Classifying ​Landforms

• Landforms are permanent changes to the geosphere.

• Some landforms are primary, meaning they were formed by plate movements.

• Primary landforms include Mountains, Ridges, and Trenches.

• Some landforms are secondary, meaning they were formed by the movement of sediment.

• Secondary landforms include

  Canyons, Sand Dunes, and Deltas.

Dropdown

Disruptions are ​

Select answer

while Landforms are ​

Select answer

.

Dropdown

Primary and secondary landforms are both ​

Select answer

changes to the geosphere.

But ​​

Select answer

landforms are made by plate movement, while ​

Select answer

landforms are made by sediment movement.

Multiple Choice

Examples of Primary Landforms include:

• Convergent

  Divergent

  Transform

• Earthquakes

  Volcanic Eruptions

  Tsunamis

• Mountains

  Ridges

  Trenches

• Canyons

  Deltas

  Sand Dunes

Match

Match the diagram to the primary landform.

Trench

Ridge

Mountain

• Trench

• Ridge

• Mountain

Match

Match the description to the primary landform.

• New rock formed by cooling magma underwater.

• Rock rises up when two plates push together and fold.

• A deep hole formed by one plate sinking below the other.

Ridge

Mountain

Trench

• Ridge

• Mountain

• Trench

Match

Match the boundary to the primary landform.

• Converging of Continental-Continental.

• Converging of Continental-Oceanic.

• Diverging of Oceanic-Oceanic.

Mountain

Trench

Ridge

• Mountain

• Trench

• Ridge

Match

Match the famous example to the primary landform.

• Himalayas

• Mid-Atlantic

• Mariana

Mountain

Ridge

Trench

• Mountain

• Ridge

• Trench

Multiple Choice

Examples of Secondary Landforms include:

• Convergent

  Divergent

  Transform

• Earthquakes

  Volcanic Eruptions

  Tsunamis

• Mountains

  Ridges

  Trenches

• Canyons

  Deltas

  Sand Dunes

Match

Match the secondary landform to its diagram.

Delta

Sand Dune

Canyon

• Delta

• Sand Dune

• Canyon

Match

Match the secondary landform to its description.

• Canyon

• Sand Dune

• Delta

Flowing rivers weather rock walls.

Wind blows sand up a beach to form hills.

Rivers deposit sediment near the end of the river.

• Flowing rivers weather rock walls.

• Wind blows sand up a beach to form hills.

• Rivers deposit sediment near the end of the river.

Match

Match the secondary landform to its benefit.

• Sand Dunes

• Deltas

• Canyons

Protect coastal areas from flooding.

Provide fertile land for farming.

Allow scientists to study the geosphere's history.

• Protect coastal areas from flooding.

• Provide fertile land for farming.

• Allow scientists to study the geosphere's history.

Open Ended

"Primary and Secondary Landforms are similar because ___.

They are different because ___."

Making Secondary Landforms

• ​Sediment are pieces of rock and dirt that have broken off of landforms.

• Sediment is transported through the processes of Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition.

• Weathering happens when sediment breaks off of an existing landform.

• Erosion happens when sediment is carried away.

• Deposition happens when sediment is dropped in a new place.

Multiple Choice

Pieces of rock or dirt that have broken off of landforms are called ____.

• Rock Dust

• Sediment

• Geodudes

Match

Match the process to its definition.

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

Landforms are broken down into sediment

Sediment is carried away from its starting place

Sediment is dropped in a new location

• Landforms are broken down into sediment

• Sediment is carried away from its starting place

• Sediment is dropped in a new location

Match

Match the process to an example.

• Deposition

• Erosion

• Weathering

A river drops sediment far from its starting place.

The wind carries sand across the beach.

Freezing water breaks a rock into pieces.

• A river drops sediment far from its starting place.

• The wind carries sand across the beach.

• Freezing water breaks a rock into pieces.

Multiple Choice

Sand dunes aren't blown away by the wind because ...

• The sand is held down by a thick cement.

• Plants in the dunes hold the sand in place.

• Wind never blows near sand dunes.

Multiple Choice

The main way to prevent damage from sediment movement is ___.

• Ignore that sediment moves.

• Use safer construction practices.

• Tell the sediment not to move or it will get a minus.