Composition of Matter

COMPOSITION

OF MATTER

A Puresubstance is a substance that cannot
be broken down into simpler parts and still
retain their properties. Pure substances
CANNOT be separated PHYSICALLY.

Pure Substances are one of two types: either
ELEMENTS or COMPOUNDS

Elements are pure substances in which all
atoms are the exact same.

Separated only by NUCLEAR FISSION

Found on the periodic table of elements

Ex – oxygen, gold, zinc

Compounds are substances with 2 or more elements
chemically combined (bonded) in a fixed proportion.

Ex – Water – H2O always has 2 molecules of
hydrogen and 1 molecule of oxygen

Ex – Table Salt – NaCl has one sodium to one
chlorine

Separated by CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Examples of Elements Examples of Compounds

• Helium
• Silver
• Gold
• Carbon
• Platinum
• Chlorine
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Aluminum
• Sodium

• NaCl (table salt)
• H2O (water)
• CaCO3 (chalk)
• SiO2 (glass)
• H2SO4 (battery acid)
• CO2 (carbon dioxide)
• NaClO (bleach)
• C6H12O6 (glucose)
• HCl (stomach acid)
• NaHCO3 (baking soda)

A mixture contains 2 or more substances that CAN
be physically separated 🡪 heating, distilling, cooling,
sorting, filtering.

2 Main types:
Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous

Types of Mixtures:
Homogeneous mixture – a mixture of different materials
that looks the same all the way through.

•Very small particles,
•No “chunks”

Ex - Apple juice, salt water, tomato soup, iced tea

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures in
which one substance is dissolved into
another, a solute is dissolved in a
solvent.

Ex: In saltwater, the salt is the solute
and the water is the solvent.

The SOLUTE is the substance in the
SMALLERamount.

The SOLVENT is the substance in the
LARGERamount.

The mix of the two = the Solution

Water

Hot

Cocoa

Mix
Hot

Chocolate

SOLUTION:

A solute dissolves faster when
stirred (creates friction) or heated.

•How do you increase solubility?
🡪How do you mix that solution
faster?

Colloid – a homogeneous mixture
with particles that are VERY
LARGE but never settle

ex – smoke and Milk

Tyndall Effect – when light hits the particles in a
colloid , it scatters.

You can see the rays of light coming through a
window because of the Tyndall effect.

Heterogeneous mixture – A mixture of

different materials that does NOT look the same
all the way through.

• Very Large Particles
• Has chunks in it

Ex – vegetable soup

Suspension – a heterogeneous mixture
containing liquid that settles into parts
based on densities

ex – Italian Salad dressing