The Road To War Part 3

The Road to War

Challenges to Slavery

Founding a
New Political Party

• Organizing the Republican Party

– Formed in1854, the antislavery forces from the

Democrats and the Whigs joined with Free-Soilers to
form the Republican Party.

• They wanted to stop the expansion of slavery into new territories

in the West.

• The Abolitionists in the party wanted to emancipate, which

means to free, enslaved people throughout the country.

– During the elections that year, many from this party won

seats in Congress, as well as several governorships in the
northern states.

Multiple Choice

What new political party was formed in 1854?

• Whigs

• Democrat

• Republican

• Free-Soil

Multiple Choice

What is it called when someone is set free?

• Emancipate

• Renewed

• Relocate

• Determined

Founding a
New Political Party

• The Election of 1856

– Election Breakdown

• John C. Fremont: Republican Candidate
• James Buchanan: Democrat Candidate

– Fremont’s name did not appear on any of the slave

states ballots, but he carried the electoral votes in the free
states.

• If he had won one more state, Republicans would have won the

election.

– Though the Southern Democrats wanted the national part

to support slavery, the Northern Democrats realized that
their party could not win in the North if it supported
slavery.

Multiple Choice

Why do you think Freemont's name did not appear on any of the Southern ballots?

• He did not want his name listed there

• He supported the new National Bank

• He was Catholic

• He did not support slavery

Multiple Choice

Who won the Election of 1856?

• James Madison

• James Buchanan

• John Freemont

• Andrew Jackson

The Debate
Over Slavery

• The Sumner-Brooks Affair

– In May 1856, due to tension over slavery, violence broke

out in the Senate.

• Charles Sumner of Massachusetts made a speech where he

criticized the proslavery senators, especially Andrew Butler of
South Carolina.

• Three days later, Representative Preston Brooks, a relative of

Butler, entered the Senate and struck Sumner on the head with
a gold-topped cane.

– Brooks beat him until he was unconscious and bleeding.

– Both became heroes among the parties and regions.

Multiple Choice

Who struck Charles Sumner on the head with a gold-topped cane?

• Preston Brooks

• Andrew Butler

• Andrew Jackson

• Zachary Edwards

The Debate
Over Slavery

• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

– The debates were for the Illinois Senate.

• Stephen A Douglas: Democrat

– Wanted to run for the presidential election in 1860.

• Abraham Lincoln: Republican

– From August through October 1858, Lincoln and

Douglas debated throughout Illinois.

• The debates gave voters a chance to compare candidates views

on slavery.

– Lincoln spoke against slavery.
– Douglas supported popular sovereignty.

– Douglas won the election, however, Lincoln gained a

national reputation.

Multiple Select

Who were the TWO delegates for the Illinois Senate?

• Henry Grady

• Abraham Lincoln

• Stephen Douglas

• James Polk

Multiple Choice

Who won the election for the Illinois Senate?

• Abraham Lincoln

• James Polk

• John Adams

• Stephen Douglas

The Debate
Over Slavery
• John Brown at Harpers Ferry

– In 1859, after kill a man in Kansas, John Brown

appeared in Virginia.

• There he led a band of 18-21 men on a raid of federal arsenal at

Harpers Ferry.

– There weapons and ammunition were stored.

• Brown wanted to distribute the weapons to slaves in hopes of a

rebellion.

– The marines, headed by Robert E. Lee, captured

Brown and his men.

• They were hanged for treason, which is acting against your

country.

– The South feared that this rebellion would lead to other

slave insurrections, or uprisings.

Multiple Select

Who led the attack on Harper's Ferry? Who captured him? (TWO NAMES)

• John Brown

• James Polk

• Paul Revere

• Robert E. Lee

Multiple Choice

What is it called when one acts against ones country?

• Predestination

• Perjury

• Treason

• Felony

Choosing a
Presidential Candidate
• The Democrats Divide

– In Charleston, South Carolina, the Democrats met to

decide who to select as the democratic candidate.

• William L. Yancey: a delegate from Alabama.
• Stephen Douglas: Wanted popular sovereignty.

– Used his powers to defeat Yancey’s proposal, which was known

as the Alabama Platform.

» As a result, Yancey left the convention.

– Six weeks later another convention was held in

Baltimore, Maryland, where Douglas was chosen as
the candidate

– The Southern Democrats held another convention at

Richmond, Virginia where John C. Breckinridge was
nominated.

– He wanted people to support the Dred Scott decision.

Multiple Select

Who were the THREE delegates chosen as candidates for the Democrat Party?

• William L. Yancey

• Stephen Douglas

• Abraham Lincoln

• John C. Breckinridge

Choosing a
Presidential Candidate

• Republicans Nominate Lincoln

– Though there were four Republican candidates, the two

main choices were Abraham Lincoln and Senator
William H. Seward.

• Though Seward was the leading candidate, Lincoln won due

to him having a more moderate view on slavery.

– He did not like it, but would still permit it in the South.

– The Southerners threatened that if the Republicans won

they would secede from the Union.

• Because of this a third party formed called the Constitutional

Union Party, made of Southern Whigs who tried to ignore the
slave issue.

– They nominated John Bell of Tennessee.

Multiple Choice

What did the Southerners threaten to do if the Republicans won the election?

• Stopping slavery in the South

• Secede from the Union

• Ending the cotton industry

• Buy products elsewhere