Unit 2 - Input 2 (Cognitive Processes & Learning)

Unit 2 - Input 2

(Cognitive Processes & Learning)

Vocabulary Revision

Multiple Choice

When changes occurred, the older people __________ to their new circumstances in a continuous process.

• perceived

• concentrated

• relied

• adapted

to adapt (V) [T] to change something to suit different conditions or uses:

Now you can decide to try to alter how you learn, become even more proficient in your preferred style, or adapt learning that is presented to you so that it more closely matches your preferred style. (I2)

See also: adaptation (N), adaptable (ADJ) adaptability (N)

Fill in the Blanks

objective (ADJ)

based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings

This finding, published last July in the journal Nature (Vol. 406), was, according to Dixon, the first objective evidence that synesthetic experiences could be elicited by activating only the concepts of numbers. (I4)

The mental dimension is responsible for our thoughts, values, objectivity, focusing, and abstract conceptualization. (I2)

See also: objectively (ADV)

Fill in the Blanks

​proficient (ADJ)

skilled and experienced in a particular activity:

Now you can decide to try to alter how you learn, become even more proficient in your preferred style, or adapt learning that is presented to you so that it more closely matches your preferred style. (I2)

See also: proficiency (N)

Multiple Choice

In spite of the variations, crime rates are significantly higher in _______ areas than in rural areas.

• concept

• urban

• primary

• informed

​urban (ADJ) related to city and city life

…an urban road planner might suffer in chronically bad traffic, then think about its causes, then look for the most practical solutions and finally put them to the test. (I2)

See also: urbanization (N – US) urbanisation (N – UK)

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primarily (ADV)

mainly

You are primarily a "hands-on" learner. You tend to rely on intuition rather than logic. You like to rely on other people's analysis rather than your own. You enjoy applying your learning in real life situations. (I2)

See also: primary (ADJ)

Fill in the Blanks

​to perceive (V)

to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something: a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on appearances:

Each of these learning activities can be divided into opposites. For example some people best perceive information using concrete experiences (like feeling, touching, seeing, and hearing) while others best perceive information abstractly (using mental or visual conceptualization).

perception (N): a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on appearances

(I2) See also: perceived (ADJ)

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​to concentrate (V)

to direct your mental powers or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem

Children who cannot pay attention or concentrate long enough to learn something could have cognitive problems. (I2)

See also: concentration (N)

Multiple Choice

Probably 95% of scientists now accept the ______ that human activity is causing climate change.

• notion

• mode

• objective

• reflection

notion (N)

a belief or idea

A final approach presented to you here is David Hunt's notion of cycling through all four of Kolb's dimensions. That is, first experience the problem, then reflect on it, then analyze it, then act on it. (I2)

See also: notional (ADJ)

Fill in the Blanks

to adapt (V) [T] to change something to suit different conditions or uses:

Now you can decide to try to alter how you learn, become even more proficient in your preferred style, or adapt learning that is presented to you so that it more closely matches your preferred style. (I2)

See also: adaptation (N), adaptable (ADJ) adaptability (N)

Multiple Choice

There were so many people talking that I couldn't ____________ on the music.

• rely

• concentrate

• induce

• construct

​to concentrate (V)

to direct your mental powers or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem

Children who cannot pay attention or concentrate long enough to learn something could have cognitive problems. (I2)

See also: concentration (N)

Multiple Choice

Organizations in this environment must ___________ attention to flexibility, quality and asset utilization to remain competitive.

• develop

• gather

• view

• pay

to pay attention (to somebody/something)

to watch, listen to, or think about someone or something carefully

 I’m sorry, I wasn’t paying attention to what you were saying. 

They paid no attention to (=ignored) him.

Multiple Choice

I prefer to ________ my own judgments, rather than relying on other people's opinions.

• give

• develop

• make

• gather

to make a judgment (collocation)

to form an opinion, especially after thinking carefully about something

It’s too soon to make a judgment about what the outcome will be.

Multiple Choice

Some hospitals are using twins to ____________ information on a variety of diseases.

• pay

• develop

• make

• gather

​to gather information (collocation)

to get information from different places and put them together in one place

The researcher’s job is to gather information about people.