blood typing lesson

Fill in the Blanks

How many human blood types are there?
Can you name them?

Blood Types- How are they

determined?

Antigens are molecules on the surface
of red blood cells and determine blood

type

Type A blood, has A antigens, type B blood has B antigens, type
AB blood has A and B antigens and type O blood has NO
antigens

Another antigen called Rh is referred to

as being positive( if present) or

negative (if not present)

AB+

If you know the antigens, you know
the blood type. There are 8 blood
types. (take note of the antigens)

Draw

Draw your version of a blood cell that is AB-. Using the models, build it at your table.

Antibodies

• Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system to fight

foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are in
the blood plasma and include anti-A, anti-B and anti-Rh.
Antibodies are not important in determining blood type but
are very important in determining a blood transfusion match.

If you have the antigen, you don't

have that antibody!

If a person has the A antigen (type A or AB) it DOES NOT have A antibodies
because this would cause clumping

If a person has B antigens (types B or AB) it does not have B-antibodies

If a person has no antigens (type O) they can have both anti A and anti B
antibodies.

Multiple Choice

Which antibody or antibodies would be found in a blood type that is AB-. Show this you your model at your desk.

• anti-A

• Anti-A, Anti-B

• anti-A, anti-Rh

• anti-Rh

On the next few slides, you will see models of
blood types. See if you can determine the blood
type by looking at the picture. Remember, you
only need to look at the antigens ( not
antibodies) to determine blood type.

Blood type A Rh-

Antigens (Molecules on the
surface of the red blood cells):
A indicates there are A antigens.
(Rh- indicates there are no Rh
antigens)
Antibodies (in the blood plasma):
B antibodies.
Rh antibodies.
(If there are A antigens but no B
nor Rh antigens, the antibodies in
the blood plasma are B and Rh
antibodies.)

Blood type B Rh+

Blood type A Rh+

Blood type AB Rh-

Blood type O Rh+

Blood type B Rh-

Blood type O Rh-

Blood type AB+

How do you determine a patient's

blood type?

• Blood type indicates what antigens there are

on the surface of the red blood cells. To
determine blood type of a patient, you need
to find out which antigens are present. You
can do this by mixing the patient’s blood with
three different anti-serums containing either
anti-A, anti-B or anti-Rh.

Mix blood with 3 anti- serums

● If the blood clumps (agglutination)with anti-serum A, that means

there are A antigens present.

● If it clumps with anti-B serum, that means B antigens are present
● If the blood clumps with anti-Rh serum, Rh antigens are present.

Look for agglutination

Blood reacted with
anti-B…What is the
blood type?
B-

What is the blood type?

AB+

What is the blood type?

AB-

What is the blood type?

O+

You might see this in a lab at
school. Name the blood type

B-

Donor and recipient blood needs to be
matched to provide safe transfusions

When looking for a match, it is important to make sure the
donor’s blood antigens does not interact with the recipients
antibodies. Blood type AB is the universal recipient.
Blood type O- is the universal donor.

During a transfusion, it is important that the patients
antibodies don’t react with the donor’s antigens.
Example, a patient with blood type A+ has B antibodies
in their plasma. They cannot receive blood from anyone
with B antigens (type B or AB). the blood will clump,
and the patient could die.

Please consider being a blood donor

Blood transfusion used for:
1. injury and severe blood loss
2. disease or illness
3. surgery

Safe blood transfusion

Wrong blood transfusion

Lets play a game! (this may not work on

chrome book, sorry)