The North

The North

Why do people make economic choices?

Reading 1: The North

Cornell Notes

Create half a page of notes based on this presentation. You can also use the reading handout as a guide to help you. In the assignment you will find notes prepared. Include three cues (Key Terms, Quiz Questions) and leave room for The South notes and summary.

Due Thursday March 23!

Reminder!

​Assignment 1 is DUE tomorrow!

Short response (one to two paragraphs, using supporting evidence from the documents in this assignment)

8. Why did it take so long for slavery to end?

9. What is the impact of abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Weld?

Labelling

Label the inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

railroads

steamships

telegraph

Mechanical Reaper

Specialized workers could produce more cloth than if each worker did both tasks.

Specialized Workers

​Entrepreneurs built factories to bring specialized workers together.

​​Factory System

Workers used machines to complete tasks.

​​Machines

​Phases of Industrailization

​The new clipper ships featured tall sails and sleek hulls. These ships moved faster and "clipped" time from long journeys.

​​Clipper Ships

Steam locomotives were pulling trains in the United States. In 1840 the United States had almost 3,000 miles of raillines.

​Locomotive

Faster travel meant cheaper goods for consumers. Safer travel meant more people moved to midwestern states and cities.

Railways and canals

​Improvements in Transportation

Multiple Choice

What significant change happened in the final stage of industrialization?

• workers began specialized tasks

• entrepreneurs brought many specialized workers together

• products began to move quicker from one worker to the next

• machines were used to complete tasks

Multiple Choice

How were midwestern states connected to the eastern states by 1860?

• expansion of the Pony Express

• the growth of cities

• the invention of the steamboat

• the growing system of railroad tracks

Device uses electronic singals to send messages over wires. Messages could now move between cities in seconds and minutes rather than days.

​​Telegraph

​Inventor, Samuel Morse, made a system to send messages using the telegraph. Telegraph companies formed and by 1852 there was about 23.000 miles of wire to communicate faster than ever.

Morse Code

​New Methods of Communication

The steel-tipped plow allowed farmers to cut into the difficult feilds in the midwestern prairie.

​​John Deere

​Harvesting wheat meant using a lot of hand tools. The mechanical reaper increased the amount of wheat a farmer could harvest.

Cyrus McCormick

​Improvements in Agriculture

Multiple Choice

Why did raising wheat become a main economic activity of the Midwest?

• John Deere invented the steel plow.

• McCormick's reaper could harvest grain quickly.

• The thresher separated grain from the stalk.

• The Midwest had a large population of farmers.

Dropdown

The invention of the​​

Select answer

was developed by John Deere in 1837.

• Hours were long, 12 hour days

• Machines had a lot of belts without any protection for workers

• No laws existed to protect workers

• Factory owners driven by high profit are unconcerned with worker safety

​

​

​Factory Work

from Lowell Mill Girls,

by Harriet Robinson

"The early millgirls were of different ages. Some were not over ten years old; a few were in middle life, but the majority were between the ages of sixteen and twentyfive. The very young girls were called 'doffers.' They 'doffed,' or took off, the full bobbins from the spinningframes, and replaced them with empty ones. These mites worked about fifteen minutes every hour and the rest of the time was their own. When the overseer was kind they were allowed to read, knit, or go outside the millyard to play. They were paid two dollars a week. The working hours of all the girls extended from five o'clock in the morning until seven in the evening, with one halfhour each, for breakfast and dinner. Even the doffers were forced to be on duty nearly fourteen hours a day. This was the greatest hardship in the lives of these children. Several years later a tenhour law was passed, but not until long after some of these little doffers were old enough to appear before the legislative committee on the subject, and plead, by their presence, for a reduction of the hours of labor.

Multiple Choice

What were consequences of the factory system?

• workers faced long hours

• No laws protected workers

• children were exploited

• all of these are correct

During the 1830s attempts were made to organize into unions for skilled workers. The idea is working as an organized work force rather than individuals meant more say in working conditions.

Trade Unions

​In New York City, skilled workers wanted to limit the work day to 10 hours and increase their pay. To put pressure on employers they refused to work. A strike is refusal to work unless demands are met.

​​Strike

​Workers attempt to improve conditions

• slavery had largely disappeared by the 1830s in the North

• voting rights were restricted for Black Americans

• Black Americans were not allowed into public schools and had separate hospitals

Black Americans in the North

Multiple Choice

When Black Americans were kept from public schools in the North this is an example of ______

• descrimination

• prejudice

• trade unions

• strikes

In New York City, Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm founded Freedom's Journal, the first African American newspaper.

Freedom's Journal

First African American licensed, or given official authority, to practice law in the United States.

​​Macon B. Allen

Sarah G. Bagley, a weaver from Massachusetts, founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization. In 1845 her group petitioned for a 10-hour workday.

Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization

​Important People made Changes

​Immigration Increases

• American Party platform, from the American National Convention, 1856

"Americans must rule America; and to this end native-born citizens should be selected for all State, Federal and municipal offices of government employment, in preference to all others."

Multiple Choice

What was major reason for emigration from Ireland between 1840 and 1860?

• shortage in the food supply

• lack of educational opportunities for children

• escape from poor housing conditions

• Poor living conditions

Multiple Choice

What did nativists believe about immigrants?

• Immigrants were a benefit to American society

• they were a threat to American society

• Immigrants should be welcomed with open arms

• Immigrants should be denied entry to the US

Poll

How well did you participate today during presentation?

• Good

• Average

• Need to Improve

Reading 1: The North

Cornell Notes

Create half a page of notes based on this presentation. You can also use the reading handout as a guide to help you. In the assignment you will find notes prepared. Include three cues (Key Terms, Quiz Questions) and leave room for The South notes and summary.