Open SciEd Biology Lesson 4 Clover Genetics and Environment

Clover: Genetics and Environment

"What is causing the difference between urban and rural white clover?"

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​Open SciEd

B.4 Lesson 4

Investigate Clover

• White clover can produce hydrogen cyanide.

• HCN is poisonous to plants and animals

• If white clover has the allele, it will produce HCN after it is damaged.

• White clover in the rural areas can not endure extreme temperatures.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of hydrogen cyanide in white clover?

• HCN does not appear in white clover.

• HCN is a defense mechanism

• HCN helps the plant to grow in cold climates

• HCN stops photosynthesis in animals.

Multiple Choice

What is responsible for the production of hydrogen cyanide?

• Hydrogen cyanide is in their bodies

• White clover got used to the environment

• There's a gene on the DNA for hydrogen cyanide

• hydrogen cyanide absorbs heavy metals

Multiple Choice

How does HCN protect clover?

• HCN is sweet tasting to the herbivores

• HCN forms a barrier around the clover

• HCN is poisonous to animals

• HCN hurts clover by not allowing the plant to go through cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

The white clover without the alleles have up to a 50% chance of surviving -10 degree C.

What does HCN do for white clover in cold temperatures?

• HCN freezes the white clover to death

• HCN acts like an anti-freeze and protects the white clover

• HCN causes the white clover to die sooner in the cold than ones without HCN

• HCN helps the white clover survive the cold.

Multiple Choice

If HCN is largely present in rural areas and can not survive super cold temps, we can conclude that:

• Rural areas must be colder because rural white clover does not have HCN and can't survive the cold

• Urban areas must be colder because urban white clover doesn't have HCN and can survive the cold.

• Urban areas are the same temperature as rural.

• There is no correlation.

Multiple Choice

Given the data that plants with HCN can’t survive certain cold temperatures, we can conclude that urban temperatures must be colder than rural areas.

• True

• False

• Never true

• Never false

Multiple Choice

What is the source of the clover’s ability to make HCN?

• White clover got used to the environment

• It adapted

• White clover has an extra chromosome.

• White clover has DNA with instructions to make HCN

Dropdown

If HCN helps protect against predators yet will cause the plant to

Select answer

in ​

Select answer

then is HCN always beneficial?​

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

What happens to the frequency of the alleles for HCN when making HCN is beneficial? ​​ ​​ ​

• The alleles for HCN go up when beneficial

• The alleles for HCN go down when beneficial

• The alleles mutate to stop making HCN

• The alleles for HCN start making HCl

Multiple Choice

What happens to the frequency of the alleles for HCN when making HCN is NOT beneficial?​​​

• The alleles for HCN go down when not beneficial.

• The alleles for HCN go down when beneficial.

• The alleles mutate to stop making HCN when not beneficial.

• The alleles for HCN start making HCl when beneficial.

Multiple Choice

We know that

clover produces HCN in rural areas as a defense against predators but not so much in the city.

clover that produces HCN can not survive certain temperatures.

What could be two possible mechanisms that explain the differences between urban and rural clover?

• genetics and temperture

• genetics and fresh air

• genetics and hervibory

• genetics and city life

Multiple Choice

Is being poisonous always beneficial?

• Not always

• Always

• Never

• Depends on city or country life

Multiple Choice

How is cyanogenesis inherited?

• Cyanogenesis comes from herbivores.

• Cyanogenesis comes from the environment

• Cyanogenesis comes from cold air

• Cyanogenesis comes from genes

Multiple Choice

When is cyanogenesis not beneficial

• In the presence of herbivores

• In the heat

• In the cold

• In the city

Match

Match up the following

• sweet

• sour

• salty

• bitter

sugar

lemons

pretzels

Hydrogen cyanide

• sugar

• lemons

• pretzels

• Hydrogen cyanide

Match

HCN stops cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Cellular respiration burns

• Without cellular respiration

carbon dioxide in and oxygen out

oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

glucose to make and do things

organisms can not get the energy to make and do things and they die

• carbon dioxide in and oxygen out

• oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

• glucose to make and do things

• organisms can not get the energy to make and do things and they die

Multiple Choice

We now know that rural white clover can't survive extreme cold due to its HCN.

We now know that city white clover can survive cold because it doesn't have HCN.

We now know that HCN is genetic.

Now we now investigate:

• City temperatues are colder than rural so the non HCN white clover can survive.

• Rural temperatures are colder than city so the HCN clover can survive

• If rural and city temps are the same so all white clover can survive.

• If city temps are colder than rural only every 100 years.