Cold War America

Cold War America

1945-1963

Multiple Choice

During a press briefing, which California Senator called Helen Douglas "Pink right down to her underwear" and then won because of his labeling of her as a communist?

• Joseph McCarthy

• Rischard Nixon

• Ronald Reagan

• Joseph Stalin

​Setting the stage.

After WWII, Japan and Germany defeated and France is weakened. Two geopolitical superpowers remained. The US and the Soviet Union.

​Two completely different countries:

• Geography

• History

• Ideology

• Strategic Interest

​Yalta Conference

​What happened here (Yalta, Ukraine) in February, 1945?

Yalta Conference

• Big three (Stalin, Churchill, FDR) meet​

• Stalin wants Poland, and surrounding countries like Romania and Hungary to be Soviet controlled, while the US wants free elections to take place there.

• Germany is then divided up into 4 administrative zones. (French, US, Britain, and Soviet Union)

Multiple Choice

What was established at Yalta? It gave US, Britain, France, China and Soviet Union veto power over the general assembly and was comprised of security council members from each country.

• League of Nations

• The Alliance of 5

• The United Nations

• The Sons of Anarchy

​Potsdam Conference

​What happened here? Potsdam, Germany (occupied by Soviet Union) in July, 1945?

​Potsdam Conference

• ​Truman replaces Roosevelt and feels inclination to stand up to him against communism.

• Stalin wanted communist governments in Poland and Hungary. United States wanted containment.

• Stalin doesn't waiver and it sets the stage for the Cold War.

Multiple Choice

What happened to Germany in Potsdam?

• Weaponized for support for US intentions

• Stalin purchases Germany from UN

• Stalin, Truman and Atlee have triple threat UFC match. Atlee wins.

• De-militarized and Nazi regime eradicated.

​“Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language, another war is in the making.”

​VS

​“The unevenness of development of the

capitalist countries is likely to produce violent disturbance”

​Containment: Foreign policy that stated that communism needed to be contained and isolated, or else it would spread to neighboring countries

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between containment and domino theory?

• Containment is the action to stop the domino theory from happening

• Containment is about communism, domino theory is about capitalism

• Domino theory was supported by government funding while containment was supported by British funds.

• Domino theory stops with the Cold War, Containment keeps happening.

​What was the

Truman Doctrine?

​What two countries did Truman send aide to specifically in the Truman Doctrine?

​Hint: Squeeky oil gets the

Hint 2: 3 strikes in bowling is a

​Secretary of State George C. Marshall came up with a remarkable proposal: a massive infusion of American dollar dollar bills to rebuild the European economy.

Speaking at the Harvard University commencement in June 1947, Marshall urged the nations of Europe to work out a comprehensive recovery program based on U.S. aid.

Multiple Choice

What was the Marshall Plan?

• The plan to remove Marshall from Secretary of State by putting in C. Freeze

• The guidance plan in response to the Bay of Pigs

• Pumping $13B into Germany to prevent its economy from being susceptible to Communist control

• The plan for Ronald Reagan to ascend to the presidency

Multiple Choice

What was NATO (when first being established)?

• An Alliance between Turkey, USSR, and Albania behind closed doors. Later it became the United States' best asset.

• An Alliance between twelve nations - Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the

  United States

• A response to JFK's "ask not what your country can do for you" speech where Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, and Great Britain, asked the United States to ally itself with them against China

• The original ending of the word "potato" before Joseph McCarthy put using "two letter Ns" in a category to be pursued for being communist.

​In response to NATO - The Warsaw Pact

• a military alliance for Eastern Europe that

  included:

• Albania

• Bulgaria

• Czechoslovakia

• East Germany

• Hungary

• Poland

• Romania

• Soviet Union.

​Berlin Airlift

For 321 days U.S. planes like this one ------------------------>

to bring food and other supplies to Berlin after the Soviet Union had blocked all surface routes into the former German capital.

Why would they do that?

​Civil War in China

Who do you think the US gave $2B to?

​OR

​Zedong, Communism

​Kai-Shek, Nationalist

​North and South Korea

​North Korea, Communist, Kim II Sung

​VS

​South Korea, Nationalist, Syngman Rhee

Multiple Choice

The Korean War: Who was on what side?

• United States was backing South Korea while North Korea allied with Soviet Union

• United States was backing North Korea while South Korea was allied with Soviet Union

​Korean War Finalized:

The Korean War had far-reaching consequences.

• Truman’s decision to commit troops without congressional approval set a precedent for future undeclared wars.

• His refusal to unleash atomic bombs, even when American forces were reeling under a massive Chinese attack, set ground rules for Cold War conflict.

• The war also expanded American involvement in Asia, transforming containment into a truly global policy and significantly boosting Japan’s struggling postwar economy.

• Finally, the Korean War ended Truman’s resistance to a major military buildup. Defense expenditures grew from $13 billion in 1950 to $50 billion in 1953.

​The RED SCARE

​McCarthyism

“I have here in my hand a list of 205 names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.” McCarthy later reduced his numbers, gave different figures in different speeches, and never released any names or proof. But he had gained the attention he sought

​COLD WAR LIBERALISM

Multiple Choice

What is Cold War Liberalism?

• Liberals wanted to stop worrying about communism and focus on the environment.

• Liberals went waaaay far left and supported a "new new deal" where infrastructure was the main focus.

• Because Truman was being "tough on communism", liberals had to adopt an anti-communism stance