Point Mutations

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Which genotypes are considered HOMOZYGOUS?

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Which genotypes are considered HETEROZYGOUS?

Multiple Choice

What is DNA made up of?

• nucleic acids

• RNA

• nucleotides

• cells

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DNA is in the shape of a ​​

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​

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Guanine pairs with​

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cytosine

guanine

adenine

thymine

Mutations

A mutation is a random change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule.

​

Mutations

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A ​

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is a RANDOM change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule.

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mutation

Genetic Drift

Protein Sythesis

Mutations happen during DNA replication as a result of errors that are not repaired.

Mutagens - agents from the environment, such as radiation and chemicals.

Mutagens can lead to cancer.

Causes of Mutations

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Mutations occur during ​​

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DNA replication

DNA deletion

interphase

Synthesis

Silent Mutations - mutations that have no effect on body cells.

Mutations can create new genes that play a role in evolution.

Significance of Mutations

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What are mutations that do not have an effect on body cells? ​

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Silent Mutations

Muted Mutations

No mutations

Normal Mutations

Point Mutation - a change in one or a very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.

Can have little to no effect on an organism.

Point Mutation

There are 3 types of point mutation:

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Deletion

Point Mutation

Substitution - one base is substituted for another.

Can be harmful or beneficial.

Substitution

Frameshift Mutations - changes the reading frame of the mRNA sequence.

Types of frameshift mutations:

• Deletion

• Insertion

Frameshift Mutations

Deletion - one or more bases are lost from a DNA sequence.

​​Deletion

Insertion - when one or more bases are inserted into DNA.

​​Insertion

Multiple Choice

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Inversion

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift 

Multiple Choice

Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?

• deletion

• insertion

• silent

• transverse