Test 12-15 Cram!

Test 12-15 Cram Study!

• Enters body by other means

• Enters body through the digestive system

Enteral vs. Parenteral

Routes of Medication Administration

• Subcutaneous (SQ or SC)

• Intramuscular (IM)

• Inhalation

• Sublingual (SL)

• Intranasal (IN)

• Per Rectum (PR)

• Oral (PO)

• Intravenous (IV)

• Intraosseous (IO)

• Transcutaneous

  (Transdermal)

Routes of Medication Administration

Multiple Choice

What route of administration has the fastest onset?

• Intravenous

• Intradermal

• Sublingual

• Oral

Pharmaocology

ALL the medications we have talked about

• Acetaminophen

• Activated Charcoal

• Aspirin

• Duo-Neb

• Epinephrine (1:1000; 1:10,000; Racemic Epinephrine)

• Ibuprofen

• Narcan

• Nitroglycerin

• Oral Glucose

• Oxygen

• Xopenex

*Ibuprofen

• Tylenol

• Administration: PO (EMT-P: IV)

• Indications: Fever ≥100.4°F

*Acetaminophen

Used to Lower Fever

• Motrin

• Administration: PO

• Indications: Fever ≥100.4°F

• Antipyretics or "Fever Reducers"

• Naloxone

• Opioid antagonist

• Administration: IN (EMT-P: IV, IO)

• Binds to and blocks opioid receptors

*Narcan

• Blocks body from further absorbing ingested "poison"

• Administration: PO

• Binds to and absorbs chemicals and poisonous compounds

*Activated Charcoal

Used to Reverse Overdose

Multiple Choice

Antagonists _____ receptor sites.

• open

• synergize

• block

• destroy

• Vasodilator

• Administration: SL

• Adverse effects: Hypotensiom

*Nitroglycerin

• NSAID (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drug)

• Acts as platelet aggregate inhibitor

• Administration: PO

*Aspirin

Used for Chest Pain

Multiple Choice

Is aspirin a blood thinner?

• Yes

• No

Used for Severe Allergic Reactions

*Epinephrine 1:1000 (EMT-P: Epi 1:10,000)

• Sympathomimetic agent

• Bronchodilator & vasoconstrictor

• Administration: IM (EMT-P: IV, IO)

• Mixture of Albuterol & Ipratropium Bromide

• Bronchodilator

• Bronchospasm (Wheezing)

• Administration: Nebulizer

*Duo-Neb

• Hypoxia/Hypoxemia

• Administration: Inhalation

*Oxygen

Used for Breathing Problems

• Croup

• Bronchodilator & Vasoconstrictor

• Administration: Inhalation

*Racemic Epinephrine

• Levalbuterol

• Bronchodilator

• Bronchospasm

• Administration: Nebulizer

*Xopenex

Used for Breathing Problems Cont.

Used for Low Blood Sugar

*Oral Glucose

• Treats hypoglycemia in conscious & alert patients with patent airways

• Administration: Buccal

Epinephrine 1:10,000

EMT-P: IV, IO

• Sympathomimetic agent

• Used for:

  • Cardiac Arrest

  • Severe Allergic Reaction

Multiple Choice

What type of Epinephrine would you, an EMT-Basic, give to a person who is having a severe allergic reaction?

• Norepinephrine

• Epinephrine 1:1000

• Racemic Epinephrine

• Epinephrine 1:10,000

BLS Resuscitation

Noninvasive emergency life-saving care that is used to treat medical conditions, including:

• Airway obstruction

• Respiratory arrest

• Cardiac arrest

Purpose of CPR

• Restore circulation

  • high quality chest compressions

• Open the airway

  • OPA, NPA, head tilt-chin lift, jaw thrust

• Restore breathing

  • breaths via BVM

Common Causes of Cardiopulmonary Arrest

• Adults: dysrhythmias

• Pediatrics: respiratory arrest

Complications of CPR

• Aggressive and/or rapid ventilations

  • gastric distention --> have suction nearby incase of vomiting

• 30:2 if one rescuer

• 15:2 if two rescuer

Pediatrics

• 30:2

Adults

One Rescuer vs. Two Rescuer CPR

Airway Obstruction

• Infants

  • Back slaps and chest thrusts

• Adults

  • Mild obstruction: leave patient alone

  • Conscious with no airway movement: abdominal thrusts

    • Pregnant & Obese patients: chest thrusts

  • Unconcious: Chest compressions

Multiple Choice

If a person has uncontrollable bleeding to an extremity, what is the best way to stop the bleeding?

• Give oxygen

• Apply pressure

• Apply a tourniquet

• Call 911

Multiple Choice

True or false: Sphincters are circular, muscular walls that tighten to open and close a passage or opening

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide is _____

• used for oxygenation

• a waste product of cellular metabolism

• a cellular unit of of the orotracheal intubation

• produced by the liver

Multiple Choice

Your primary assessment of a patient is for finding _____

• life threats

• distracting injuries

• detailed exams

• not necessary