OHS Pathway Review Standard 6 - 7 PowerPoint

USH US 6 – 7 PowerPoint Review

US.6.1 Great Depression/New Deal: Analyze the causes and
effects of the Great Depression. and New Deal

US.7.1 WWII at home: Examine the nation’s role in World War II
and the impacts on domestic affairs.

World II

• The Smoot-Hawley (or

Hawley-Smoot) Tariff
increased taxes on
imported foreign goods

• In retaliation, European

countries placed tariffs
on American goods

• By destroying trade with

foreign nations, the tariff
made the depression
even worse

Willis Hawley and Reed Smoot

Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Ben Stein’s Political Ad
Anyone, Anyone Clip

President Herbert Hoover

Herbert Hoover, Republican

•Hoover did not realize
the economic downturn
was a major depression
•He believed prosperity
would soon return
•He asked people to
voluntarily give their
money to charities to
help with relief efforts

Herbert Hoover

•Towards the end of his term, he initiated some
reforms like tax cuts, higher tariffs, and the

•Reconstruction Finance Corporation (a
government agency that gave financial aid to
railroad companies, businesses, and banks)

•Encouraged local responses

Hoover and the Great Depression

• The TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) created jobs in the

Tennessee Valley

• It was tasked with controlling flooding along the

Tennessee River, making navigation of the river easier,
and the reforestation of the Tennessee River Valley

• Dams built along the river by the TVA created

hydroelectricity and provided electricity for people in
the region

• The states served by TVA: Tennessee, Alabama,

Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia
TVA

Due to acute labor shortages during World War I, the
government eased some of the restrictions on the following
child labor laws.

• 1912 - Children's Bureau is formed to investigate and

publicize child labor (child labor is still legal).

• 1916 - Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (child labor is

declared unconstitutional).

• 1938 - Fair Labor Standards Act outlaws employment of

children under 14.
TVA

The government sustains a social security
program

The President exercises substantial executive
authority

The Democratic Party leans toward social rights
liberalism

Progressivism

Aggressive regulation to
create opportunity

Private intervention for social
justice

Liberalism

Bureaucracies determine prices and
schedules

The Treasury directly aids economic
growth

Federal legislation for social justice

The charts below represent strategies of an interventionist
government in the 20th century that was different of those
during the implementation of the New Deal programs

American foreign policy from 1920-1940 included the
following:

• Isolationism

• Limited immigration

• and at Beginning in 1935, the U.S. passed a series of Neutrality Acts

to help keep the U.S. out of war

The Neutrality Act of 1935 prohibited the exportation of weapons to
belligerent (warring) nations

In February 1945, Allied leaders:

•British Prime Minister Churchill,
•U.S. President Roosevelt,
•Soviet ruler Stalin

met at Yalta to discuss plans for ending the war with
Germany which would be to divide Germany into
four parts to be occupied by the U.S, France, Great
Britain and the Soviet Union.

The Potsdam Declaration declared the terms of surrender
which stated that if Japan refused to surrender then
President Truman would use the atomic bomb against the
Japanese

Island hoping = avoid enemy strongholds in the Pacific

Blitzkrieg = quick, mechanized warfare with tanks

Europe = allied focus (priority) of dealing with Germany

Airborne Assault = soldiers parachute behind enemy lines

Carpet Bombing = bombing of cities with non-combatants

Japanese Lt. General Masaharu in
1942 will be convicted of war
crimes for ordering the torture and
killing of prisoners traveling to their
prison war camps

Beginning in 1939, in response to
the “Einstein Letter,” a letter from
Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard
(German scientists who fled Nazi
Germany and settled in the U.S.)
warning that Nazi scientists were
developing an atomic bomb,
President Roosevelt commissioned
a team of scientists to study the use
uranium as a weapon this would
become the Manhattan Project

Truman rational for
bombing Hiroshima:

1.

Invading Japan
would extend the
war by years.

2.

The estimated allied
causalities world
exceed Pearl
Harbor by 50,000.

On the home front, Americans were asked to “Use it up,
wear it out, make it do, and do without”

Food items like meats, sugar, cheese, and butter; as well as
non-food items like metal, paper, rubber, gasoline, and
even shoes were rationed during the war

Americans were also asked to do the following:
1. collection of raw material
2. food rationing
3. women in the workforce

Conflict may arise
between individual
freedoms and national
security. During the time of
a national crises as related
to war (bombing of Pearl
Harbor) or terrorism (The
9/11 attacks)individual
rights may be suspended

The pattern shown in
the graph to your left
reflects many factory
jobs moving to the
south after World
War II to avoid having
to pay higher union
wages which would
allow companies to
make greater profits

Fair Employment
Practice Committee
was a federal
initiative to ban
racial discrimination
in labor unions and
companies during
World War II

• Fred Korematsu, an American

citizen and son of Japanese
immigrants, was arrested for not
complying with an order to
relocate to an internment camp

• He was convicted of refusing to

follow a military order and sent,
along with his family, to an
internment camp in Utah

• He appealed and his case

eventually made its way to the
Supreme Court