Argumentation

Are Pro Athletes Overpaid?

Warm Up:

When reading a chart or graph, remember to:

1. Read the title & labels

2. Summarize the data

3. Put your finger on it

Please prepare to make an observation about this data on the next slide....

Forbes is a business magazine founded in 1917
that creates annual lists of everything from the
wealthiest people to the best value colleges.

Open Ended

What is one observation you made about the world's highest paid athletes of 2018?

​

ELA.10.R.2.4: Compare the development of two opposing arguments on the same topic, evaluating the effectiveness and validity of the claims, & analyzing the ways in which the authors use the same information to achieve different ends.

​B.E.S.T Standard

Multiple Choice

"Evaluate the support an author uses to develop the central idea throughout a text."

Evaluate, in this context, means...

• find a numerical expression or equivalent for

• to determine the significance, worth, or condition of

Multiple Choice

"... evaluating the effectiveness and validity of the claims."

Validity, in this context, means...

• the quality of being logically or factually sound

• the state of being legally or officially binding or acceptable

​Ethos: establish trust based on who you are or what you know

Pathos: appeal to emotions (fear, anger, desire, pity....)

Logos: appeal to logic or reason

Kairos: create a sense of urgency (people think less clearly when they feel rushed)

These appeal should be used in this order to be most effective. If someone trusts you, they are more likely to allow you to hit them with the feels, and then provide them with a logical way through the situation before reminding them to hurry up and act.

​Rhetorical Devices Review

Multiple Choice

We have to adopt this puppy! It would make our whole family happy!

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Logos

• Kairos

Multiple Choice

"You know me - I've taught Sunday School at your church for years, babysat your children, and served as a playground director for many summers - so you know I can run your preschool."

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Logos

• Kairos

Multiple Choice

Which piece of evidence could be used to BEST support this claim:
High school students should be required to wear uniforms.

• When adding everything up, a school uniform could end up costing more than $200.
• A student reported, "Allowing us to wear our own clothes gives us a chance to show our unique style and independence."
• At one school that recently required students to wear uniforms, attendence rates went up, and behavior incidents went down.
• School uniforms can be ordered online .

Multiple Choice

People who exercise regularly are 40% happier than those who do not. Therefore, everyone should exercise regularly!

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Logos

• Kairos

Multiple Choice

"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery… We also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut."

• Ethos

• Logos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

What is the dominant appeal used here?

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

• kairos

Match

Match the following rhetorical appeals with their definitions.

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Kairos

appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments.

appeals to the speaker's status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them.

appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic

an appeal focusing on timeliness

• appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments.

• appeals to the speaker's status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them.

• appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic

• an appeal focusing on timeliness

Multiple Choice

What is a claim?

• a statement that names the position or stance you take on a topic

• a statement provided by the writer to justify and support WHY a claim should be accepted

• information such as statistics, facts, definitions, and quotations from experts, that are used to support a reason

• the position or stance taken by the opposite side in an argument

Multiple Choice

What is a reason?

• a statement that names the position or stance you take on a topic

• a statement provided by the writer to justify and support WHY a claim should be accepted

• information such as statistics, facts, definitions, and quotations from experts, that are used to support a reason

• the position or stance taken by the opposite side in an argument

Multiple Choice

What is evidence?

• a statement that names the position or stance you take on a topic

• a statement provided by the writer to justify and support WHY a claim should be accepted

• information such as statistics, facts, definitions, and quotations from experts, that are used to support a reason

• the position or stance taken by the opposite side in an argument

Multiple Choice

What is a counterclaim?

• a statement that names the position or stance you take on a topic

• a statement provided by the writer to justify and support WHY a claim should be accepted

• information such as statistics, facts, definitions, and quotations from experts, that are used to support a reason

• the position or stance taken by the opposite side in an argument

Match

Match the following elements of persuasive texts.

• CLAIM

• EVIDENCE

• REASON

author's opinion presented as fact

fact or other item to support an opinion

opinion and facts to prove a point

• author's opinion presented as fact

• fact or other item to support an opinion

• opinion and facts to prove a point

Are Pro Athletes Overpaid?

We are going to read Jesse Spector's "Yes" essay to identify & analyze his:
•

Claim

•

Reasons

•

Evidence

•

Persuasive Devices

You are responsible for completing the "Analyzing Author's Claims" form
thoroughly as we read the text together. Use direct quotes from the text.
"Are Pro Athletes Overpaid?"

What to Look For...

Claim: Author's primary argument/thesis
Reason: Point made to further argument
Evidence: Author's support for point made
Rhetorical Devices: Persuasive strategies

•Ethos: appeal to credibility
•Pathos: appeal to emotion
•Logos: use of logic
•Kairos: creating a sense of urgency

Multiple Choice

"There’s no question that professional athletes are paid too much" was the author's:..

• Claim

• Reason

• Support

Multiple Choice

"In 2018, the average annual salary for an M.L.B. player was $4.1 million" is an example of:

• Claim

• Reason

• Support

Multiple Choice

"The main problem is the huge amount of money involved in professional sports" is an example of:

• Claim

• Reason

• Support

Your Turn!

Now that we have examined Spector's essay, please:
1. Read & annotate the "No" text, labeling Bowen's:

• Claim
• Reasons
• Evidence
• Persuasive Devices

2. Complete the 2nd half of "Analyzing Author's Claims" with direct quotes or

thoughtful paraphrasing of the text.

3. Respond to the "Evaluate" questions at the bottom of the page on the back

with a minimum of 3-5 sentences.

Closure

Let's evaluate
Bowen's text...

Is his reasoning valid?
Is his reasoning ever flawed?
Is his evidence relevant &
sufficient?
What reasons or evidence did he
neglect to include?
Is there anything else particularly
weak or strong about his
argument?

Closure: Exit Ticket

Which essay was more effective?
Why?

What were the strengths of the best
essay?

What were the weaknesses of the
worst essay?

What would you do to improve
either essay's argument?