Petroski - Physical Science LEAP Review

Physical Science LEAP Review

This review will cover:

Vocabulary

Thermal Energy Transfer

Equilibrium

• Convection - Heat transfer within a fluid. Hotter (less dense) material moves up, while colder (less dense) material moves down. Flowing energy.

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How do things change temperature?

• Conduction - The transfer of heat through matter by kinetic energy. Touch Energy.

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How do things change temperature?

• Radiation - Energy transfer by kinetic energy through space. Energy from a distance.

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How do things change temperature?

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of CONVECTION

• When heat transfers through waves.

• When heat transfers from objects that are touching.

• a  hot liquid or air that  expands, becomes less dense, and rises or becomes more dense, and sinks.

• Heat traveling from the sun

Multiple Choice

The cycle that powers the ocean currents, weather, and tectonic plates it called

• conduction current

• radiation

• condition current

• convection current

Multiple Choice

Heat transfers from an area of ____temperature to an area of ___ temperature.

• high to low

• low to high

• high to high

• It can travel high to low and low to high. 

Multiple Choice

What kind of heat transfer happens when the sun is heating your body?

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Convection

• Density

Multiple Choice

Warm air rises and the cool air sinks demonstrates this type of heat transfer. 

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• Insolation 

Multiple Choice

The baby chickens are kept warm from the heat lamps demonstrates this type of heat transfer. 

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

Walking on the warm sand sand with your bare feet demonstrates this type of heat transfer. 

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

Johnny accidentally grabbed the handle of the hot pot.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

A group of friends gather around a fire to stay warm.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

Transfer of thermal energy through "space"

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

Transfer of thermal energy through "flow"

• conduction 

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

Transfer of thermal energy through "touch"

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

movement of energy that occurs due to differences in temperature and density

• radiation

• conduction

• convection

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of conduction?

• Steam is rising from a cup of hot coffee.

• A hot biscuit is warming the plate it is on.

• The sun is shining through a window and warming a table.

• Grilling a hot dog over a campfire.

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of convection?

• the heat coming from a campfire

• a spoon in a bowl of soup becoming warmer

• warmer water at the surface of a swimming pool

• a hamburger being warmed by a campfire

Multiple Choice

Radiation is when energy is transferred...

• by contact

• by flow of fluid in liquid or gas

• by waves or rays

• this is not an energy-transfer process

Match

Match these heat transfers

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Dropdown

Energy from the sun travels to the earth in the form of ​

Select answer

. It warms the waters at the Equator, which then cause the warm waters to rise towards the poles, cool, sink, and return to the Equator. This forms a ​

Select answer

current. Then when you step into the water, the heat is ​

Select answer

to you.

A group of atoms joined together in a particular way.

Molecules make up all matter in all states.

Molecules

More kinetic energy = molecules move faster = hotter

Less kinetic energy = molecules move slower = colder

Molecules do not stop moving unless at absolute zero.

Molecules

Movement energy.

Average kinetic energy of an object shows its temperature.

• The higher the kinetic energy the higher the temperature of an object

​

Kinetic Energy

A number that summarizes a set of data that can be computed by adding all the numbers in a list and dividing by the number of numbers in the list

Average

Fill in the Blank

Sylvia scores 60 points total in the first 3 rounds of a game and 150 points total in the last 3 rounds. How many points does she average per round?

Fill in the Blank

Esme scores 642 points, 488 points, 312 points, and 900 points on her last 4 questions. What is the average number of points she scored per question?

Fill in the Blank

There are 567 students in a school and 21 classrooms. What is the average number of students in each classroom?

• Collision is when two molecules hit each other

• Transfer is to move from one object to another or from one place to another

• Kinetic energy transfers through molecules bumping into one another

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Collision and Energy Transfer

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of energy moving an object from place to place?

• water in a bowl

• wind blowing a grain of sand

• a batter ready to hit a baseball

• a drummer ready to hit a drum

Dropdown

If an object has particles that are moving very quickly, the object 's temperature is probably

Select answer

.

Multiple Choice

You're holding hands with your best friend.  Your friend's hands are REALLY warm and yours are really cold.  After a few minutes, this has changed.  How might you explain what happened?

• The cold energy from your hand transferred to your friend's hand through conduction.

• The heat energy from your friend's hand transferred to your hand through conduction. 

• The cold energy from your hand transferred to your friend's hand through convection.

• The heat energy from your friend's hand transferred to your hand through convection.

Multiple Choice

The total energy of all the particles in a sample of matter is called —————

• Total Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Kinetic Energy

• Particle Energy

Multiple Choice

Thermal energy is transferred from————-

• A cooler object to a hotter one

• A hotter object to a cooler one

Multiple Choice

Molecules with more kinetic energy move ———- than molecules with less kinetic energy

• Lower

• Faster

• Higher

• Slower

Multiple Choice

In this picture, heat is being transferred from sample B to sample A. When will the heat transfer stop?

• Heat transfer will keep on until object B has zero thermal energy

• Heat transfer will not stop, it will keep going

• Heat transfer will stop when sample A and sample B have reached the same temperature.

Multiple Choice

In this example, explain the movement of thermal energy in the glass.

• Heat is moving from the lemonade to the glass

• Heat is moving from the lemonade to the ice

• Cold is moving from the ice to the lemonade

• Cold is moving from the ice to the glass

Multiple Choice

Which sample has the higher temperature?

• Sample B because it has more thermal energy and more molecules

• Sample B because the molecules are brown

• Sample A because the molecules are moving faster and have more average kinetic energy

• Sample A because yellow is such a hot color

Multiple Choice

If you brought sample A and B close together , in what direction would heat be transferred?

• From sample A to sample B

• From sample B to sample A

• Heat would not be transferred.

• sample A and sample B would both transfer heat to each other.

Multiple Choice

In this picture, heat is being transferred from sample B to sample A. When will the heat transfer stop?

• Heat transfer will keep on until object B has zero thermal energy

• Heat transfer will not stop, it will keep going

• Heat transfer will stop when sample A and sample B have reached the same temperature.

A state in which kinetic energy is balanced so that one is not greater than the other (they are equal)

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Equilibrium

Multiple Choice

After these two samples achieve equilibrium the temperature will be 30.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Once heat transfer is complete the temperature here will be

• 16 degrees

• 12 degrees

• 10 degrees

Multiple Choice

Which image shows the difference between the speed of molecules in hot and cold water?

Multiple Choice

EVERYTHING is made of ______.

• molecules

• energy

• cells

• microorganisms

Match

Match the following

• Warmer temperature

• Cooler temperature

• Temperature

molecules moving faster

molecules moving slower

average speed of the molecules

• molecules moving faster

• molecules moving slower

• average speed of the molecules

Multiple Choice

Temperature is the measure of the _________ speed of a thing/substance.

• average

• median

• fastest

• slowest

Multiple Select

Molecules move at the same speed no matter what the temperature.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

System

• a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole

• a small part that is meant to show what the whole is like

• when something stays mostly the same over time

Multiple Choice

transfer

• energy that moves

• to move from one object to another or one place to another

• the ability to make things move or change

Multiple Choice

collision

• when something stays mostly the same over time

• a group of atoms joined together in a particular way

• the moment when two objects hit each other

Multiple Choice

stability

• a building in which livestock, especially horses, are kept.

• when something stays mostly the same over time

• the strength to stand or endure

Multiple Choice

temperature

• the amount of movement that atoms store

• The transfer of energy from one form to another

• A measure of the average speed of the molecules of a substance.

Multiple Choice

Infer

• to state your opinion

• to reach a conclusion using evidence and reasoning

• to write your answers

Multiple Choice

Equilibrium

• a balanced state in which a system is stable, such as when two samples are at the same temperature

• when two things exchange molecules

• when two things are balanced and weigh the same

Multiple Choice

change

• when something becomes different over time

• when something reaches equilibrium

• when something stops growing

Multiple Choice

When two samples come in contact the energy will flow

• from the cold one to the warmer one.

• from the warmer one to the cooler one.

• energy does not move.