Heredity

The study of Heredity

Genetics

Pre-Assessment

Before we dig into the topic of Genetics, let's see what prior knowledge you already have. Answer the following questions to the best of your ability. This is not for a grade!

Open Ended

What is heredity?

Open Ended

Name 4 traits you think are inherited.

Multiple Choice

What is the process that produces gametes for sexual reproduction?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Reproduction

Multiple Choice

Do all living things have DNA?

• Yes

• No

Drag and Drop

​ ​ ​

Placeholder

Reproduction leads to offspring that are MORE genetically diverse

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Sexual

Asexual

Open Ended

What is probability?

Reorder

Reorder the following from smallest to largest

• gene

• DNA

• chromosome

• nucleus

• cell

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Drag and Drop

​ ​ ​ When only one allele is required to have that trait, that trait is considered to be the ​

Placeholder

trait

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

dominant

recessive

Match

Match the following

• Threadlike structure passed on from parents to offspring

• Control center of the cell - holds all DNA

• Genetic Instructions

• Smallest unit of structure and function in a living thing

• Process in which offspring are created

Chromosome

Nucleus

DNA

Cell

Reproduction

• Chromosome

• Nucleus

• DNA

• Cell

• Reproduction

Drag and Drop

​ ​ ​How many copies of each allele do parents have? ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

2

3

4

Vocabulary

Chromosomes - threadlike structures that contains all DNA, come in pairs

Genes - determines traits, comes in pairs

DNA - molecule that carries the genetic instructions

Alleles - variants in a gene

Genotype - the genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype - the physical appearance of an organism based on its genotype

• The study of heredity, which is a biological process where a parent passes certain genes onto their offspring

• ​Genes are inherited from both parents through sexual reproduction

• These genes express specific traits or characteristics

Genetics

Gregor Mendel

• Father of Genetics

• Discovered the basic principles of heredity

• Experimented on pea plants and showed that their traits follow a particular pattern

• 7 different traits - flower color, flower placement, plant height, pea color, pea shape, pod color, pod shape

• ​A characteristic or feature of one organism that is inherited

• In humans: freckles, eye color, dimples

• In animals: coat texture, coat color, face shape

• In plants: flower color, plant height, leaf shape

Inherited Traits

​Describes how likely it is for certain phenotype traits to pass from parent to offspring

Dominant Alleles - show their effect with only one copy of the allele - shown with a capital letter

Recessive Alleles - show their effect with two copies of the allele - shown with a lowercase letter

Dominant/ Recessive Alleles

Both dominant traits are expressed - like a blending of the two traits

Ex. a cross between a white flower and a red flower and the offspring is a pink flower

​Codominance

A cross where one allele is not completely dominant over another, so a mixture of both are seen

Ex. - a black and white bunny

​Incomplete Dominance

Non-mendelian Genetics

​Codominance

​Incomplete Dominance

Homozygous vs Heterozygous

Homozygous recessive - carries two copies of the recessive allele (aa)

Homozygous dominant - carries two copies of the dominant allele (AA)

Heterozygous - carries one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele (Aa)

A diagram used by geneticists to determine the probability (chance) of an offspring have a particular phenotype

One set of alleles go on top

Other set of alleles go down left side

​

Punnett Square

Draw

Draw a Punnett Square crossing a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent.

How do you feel about Genetics? Write your response on a sticky note on the Jamboard. https://jamboard.google.com/d/1RSrSNqDcZDyDZLATtAqyX9Xs2kcDq8jgddQ5TjlLEAA/edit?usp=sharing