Category 3 Evolution Review

EOC Review Category 3
Biological Evolution and

Classification

Survival of the
Fittest:
● High Fitness
● Only the BEST

Traits survive

to give to the

next

generation.

● Decreases

Variation

Due to NATURAL SELECTION…

• Adaptations may develop (like mimicry,

camouflage, etc.) that specialize a species
for its environment.

Insecticide-resistant insects

ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE
BACTERIA

Common Ancestry

• The theory of Evolution is a possible

explanation for allllllllll the diversity of life
stating that we all have one common
ancestor…Bacteria

Whoa, whoa, whoa...where is the
evidence for Common Ancestry?
• 1. Fossil record

– Variety of organisms existed at different times…
– Going from simple, ancient species and then more

complex species

OLDEST ON

THE

BOTTOM

MOST MODERN

ON THE TOP

• Anatomical Homology- structural similarities

that serve different purposes.

Can you
fly????

No, but bone
structure looks

similar.

Don’t Forget Vestigial Structures too!

Multiple Choice

The ___________ record provides evidence for evolution by showing how species have changed over time.

• fossil

• time

• embryological

• analogous structure

Multiple Choice

A ___________ structure in two different species has the same developmental and evolutionary history, but serves different functions in the two species.

• analogous

• embryology

• homologous

• fossil

• Molecular homology- similar DNA sequences/

similar genomes

Who is most closely related to the mouse?

• Developmental Homologies- similarities in

embryonic development.

All look pretty similar!

Multiple Choice

Based on the DNA sequences shown, the unknown species is most closely related to ________.

• Species I

• Species II

• Species III

• Species IV

Multiple Choice

The example shown of these 2 mammals incubating their offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they______.

• belong to the same species

• must range great distances to eat

• have very similar skeletal structures

• are descended from a common ancestory

Reproductive Success…Influences

Evolution

• Elements affecting Reproductive success:

– Genes for better traits

• Help it get food, avoid prey/disease, or attract a mate

– Competition for limited resources OR change like

a new disease

– Higher reproduction rates= quicker evolution

Fruit Flies= hundreds

of offspring in 3-4

weeks

Genetic Drift

• Change in Gene pool by chance

events….tends to population's genetic
variation.

Ex: Flood killing 95% of

worms.

WORM POP. IS

NOW LESS
DIVERSE

Gene Flow

• Genes moving in…..and Genes

moving out of a population.

• AKA organisms moving in……and organisms

moving out.

Multiple Choice

A random change in gene frequency in a population is called...

• genetic drift

• gene flow

• continental drift

• genetic variation

“Did King Phillip Come Over For Grape Soda?”

What question did the merchant ask?

Did
King
Phillip
Come
Over
For
Grape
Soda

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Remembering this
question can help
you remember the

order of the
Taxonomic
Categories.

Cladogram

• Same idea, but adds on derived characteristics

Salamander has all traits behind it.

Multiple Choice

Based on the cladogram, the chimp will be more closely related to the _________.

• Hagfish

• Salamander

• Lizard

• Mouse

Multiple Choice

What is biological fitness?

• Being able to escape from predators

• Being among the strongest in a population

• Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring.

• Being ale to survive long enough to reach adult age.

Multiple Choice

Which beetles are more fit for the environment?

• Green beetles

• Brown beetles

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which organism's DNA will differ the most from the bird?

• Rodents

• Raufinned fish

• Sharks

• Amphibians

Multiple Choice

An illustration and a dichotomous key are given. What is the correct classification for this organism?

• Class Insecta

• Order Amblygygi

• Order Araneae

• Order Scorpiones

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of Taxonomy from least specific to most specific.

• Domain, Kingdom, Family, class, Genus, Species

• Kingdom, Species, Family, Order, Class, Domain, Genus, Phylum

• Class, Domain, Family, Genus, Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Species

• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Multiple Choice

Common ancestry can also be seen in the developing embryos of most vertebrates. This is called:

• DNA studies

• embryology

• extinction

• fossil record

Multiple Choice

Which rock layer would contain the oldest fossils?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Members of this kingdom are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and do NOT have cell walls.

• Plantae

• Protista

• Animalia

• Achaebacteria

Multiple Choice

Which two trees are the most closely related?

• Taiwan beech and Taiwan catkin yew

• Taiwan catkin yew and Lodgepole pine

• Lodgepole pine and Japanese maple

• Japanese maple and Taiwan beech

Multiple Choice

Charles Darwin wrote that "organisms with traits that are best suited to their environment will survive and __________ ".

• reproduce more often.

• become extinct.

• never reproduce.

• lose all their traits.

Multiple Choice

This mechanism of evolution occurs when individuals, and their genetic material, move from one population to another and interbreed within the new population.

• Extinction

• Gene flow

• Genetic drift

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

Which kingdom contains organisms that are unicellular, prokaryotic and live in extreme environments?

• Animal

• Archaebacteria

• Eubacteria

• Plant

Multiple Choice

Which location on the phylogenic tree identifies characteristics shared by species B,C,D,E,F

• Location 1

• Location 2

• Location 3

• Location 4

Multiple Choice

Two organisms that are closely related would have...

• very similar DNA molecules.

• the same exact DNA molecules.

• no protein molecules in common.

• completely different DNA molecules.