pineal gland

Sleep & Dreaming

Multiple Choice

It is most difficult to awaken from the _____ stage.

• NREM 1

• NREM 2

• NREM 3

• REM

Multiple Choice

Delta waves are associated with which stage of the sleep cycle?

• NREM 1

• NREM 2

• NREM 3

• REM

Multiple Choice

Petra has just entered REM sleep. Which of the following is she likely to experience?

• body paralysis

• the sensation of falling

• delta waves

• alpha waves

• sleep spindles

Why do we sleep?

a few theories . . .

Restoration Theory

• Sleep helps repair/restore muscle & brain tissue, and supports growth

• Evidence = muscle repair, tissue growth, protein synthesis, and release of growth hormones occur primarily during sleep

Adaptive Theory

• (Evolutionary perspective)

• Inactivity at night preserved energy and prevented injury/death at a dangerous time when there was little value for movement

Cognitive & Information-Processing Theory

• Sleep consolidates our memories of the day's experiences

• Reactivates recent experiences stored in the hippocampus and transfers them for permanent storage to other parts of the cortex

• When sleep deprived, we struggle cognitively

• Deprivation studies show memory for newly learned info is better with a well-rested brain

Why do we dream?

more theories

Freud's Psychological Theory

• Dreams allow us to access the unconscious mind

• manifest (conscious) content vs. latent (subconscious) content

Biological & Information-Processing Theory

• Dreams provide a way to sort the day's events & consolidate memories

• Activation-synthesis model REM helps preserve & develop neural connections by triggering neural activity as memories are synthesized; we make sense of that neural activity by creating a story line

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia

• Inability to fall or stay asleep

• Most common of all sleep disorders

• Deprives people of the many biological & cognitive benefits of sleep

• Treated with medication, stress/pain management, changing habits

Sleep apnea

• Cessation of breathing repeatedly during sleep

• --> not feeling rested after sleep

• Caused by airway obstruction or brain trigger

• Treatment = weight loss or C-PAP machine

Narcolepsy

• Uncontrollable "sleep attacks" during the day

• Genetic

• Treatment = medication, lifestyle support

What are sleepcycles and what happens when you alter yours?​​

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTEK23yAA0E​

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​Sleep cycles

Open Ended

1.     How many types of sleep cycles are mentioned in the video and what are they called?

Open Ended

2.     What does the sleep specialist compare polyphasic sleeping to?

Open Ended

3.     On which day does Ryan start to feel better?

Open Ended

4.   What are the benefits of polyphasic sleeping that Jackson talks about?

Open Ended

 

5. What are the downsides of polyphasic sleeping that the sleep specialist talks about?