Natural Selection CFU Prep

Adaptations and Natural Selection

CFU Prep

• They can happen when there is an error with cell division or DNA replication, or when they are exposed to a carcinogen.

• Mutations can be good, bad, or neutral.

• Good mutations are ADAPTATIONS!

​

Mutations are changes in DNA.

• These are body parts that help an organism survive better.

• examples: camouflage, sharp claws, bright colors, feathers, thick fur

​​Physical/Structural Adaptations

• ​These are instinctual actions that an organism does to survive.

• examples: hibernation, migration, building a nest or burrow; food choices

​​Behavioral Adaptations

Drag and Drop

A characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive in its environment is a/an ​ ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

adaptation

skill

variation

natural instinct

Multiple Choice

How do adaptations help animals?

• To escape animals

• to hunt for food

• to survive in their habitats

• All of these are correct

Multiple Choice

Which of the following examples are of behavioral adaptations?

• Migration

• Claws

• Teeth

• Eyes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are examples of structural adaptations?

• Hibernation

• Migration

• Eyes

• Mating calls

Multiple Choice

The ears of this fox are an example of...

• A behavioral adaptation

• Poor breeding

• A physical adaptation

• Plastic surgery gone horribly wrong

Multiple Choice

Which Adaptation helped the frog blend in with the souroundings?

• Mimicry

• Scent

• Hibernation

• Camouflage

Multiple Choice

Why Do aniamals Adapt?

• To make their life better

• To Survive in their envorment.

• To make people happy

• ALL of the above

Multiple Choice

An example of a behavioral adaptation is

• The long neck of a giraffe

• Penguins huddling together for warmth

• A camel's hump used to store water

• A polar bear's white fur used for camouflage

Multiple Choice

A black bear hibernates during the winter months.

• Behavioral Adaptation

• Structural Adaptation

Multiple Choice

A lion has pointed teeth to help it tear meat off of the bone.

• Behavioral Adaptation

• Structural Adaptation

Multiple Choice

A __________________ is a permanent change in the genetic makeup of an organism.

• Mutation

• Adaptation

• Natural Selection

• Evolution

Multiple Choice

What causes many variations within a population?

• Natural Selection

• Adaptation

• Mutation

• Environmental Changes

Multiple Choice

Mutations are important because they bring about

• death of the organism in which they develop

• genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

• benefits for the individual, not for the population

• Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population

Multiple Choice

Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?

• Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change

• The individuals would produce more offspring

• Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive

• Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on

Multiple Choice

Almost all adaptations started off as?

• selective breeding

• physiological

• structural

• mutation

Multiple Choice

Mutations are a change in what?

• DNA

• tRNA

• genotype

• phenotype

Multiple Select

Check off all that apply: Mutations can be _____.

• Good (Adaptations)

• Bad

• Neutral

Multiple Choice

True or false: All mutations are adaptations.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or false: All adaptations are mutations.

• True

• False

Natural selection: is a natural process in which the organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive and are able to reproduce.  These organisms pass down their genes, and the adaptations become more and more common in the population over time. 

Conditions for Natural Selection:

1. Adaptations

2. Variation

3. Overproduction

4. Selective Pressure

ADAPTATION:

​

• can be physical or behavioral.

• Must be genetically inheritable

• Starts as a random mutation that just happens to help an organism be more fit.

• EXAMPLE: The orange bugs are less appetizing

VARIATION:

​

• there is more than one version of the trait in the population.

• if everyone is the same, no one has an advantage.

• EXAMPLE: The population has green bugs and orange bugs.

OVERPRODUCTION:

​

• more offspring are born than survive.

• the individuals that are the most "fit" survive and pass down their genes. Over time, their traits show up more in the population.

• EXAMPLE: Out of every 16 bugs born in each generation, 3 of them are eaten by birds before being able to reproduce.

SELECTIVE PRESSURE:

​

• This is something that makes it difficult to survive.

• Predators, competiton for food, mates, or resources, extreme environmental conditions.

• EXAMPLE: The birds are the bug's predator.

Multiple Choice

Natural selection happens when an individual's genes ______________ from the genes of other members of its species.

• Become different

• Stay the same

• Become separated

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct definition of natural selection?

• The idea that organisms less equipped for their environment tend to survive longer

• The idea that organisms more well equipped for their environment tend to survive longer

• The idea that organisms more well equipped for their environment tend to not survive

• None.

Multiple Choice

Mutations can be inherited or be

• Chosen by the individual organism

• Caused by environmental factors

• Refused at any time

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what the image represents?

• Genetic Drift

• Migration

• Mutation

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

Natural selection occurs during the lifetime of a single organism.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is most likely to happen to moth populations in the picture shown?

• Light moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

• Dark moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

• Light moths--hunted easily, light moths--population increase

• Lights moths will change their color to match dark moths.

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE: Natural selection will still occur if individuals are exactly the same.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

How do you "win" at natural selection?

• survive

• go extinct

• survive & reproduce

Multiple Choice

Due to pollution, a pond becomes darker over time. Which trait variation became more common?

• light fish

• dark fish

Multiple Choice

Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.

• Evolution

• Natural Selection

• Extinction

• Artifical Selection

Multiple Choice

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Because they come from dominant alleles.

• Because they come from recessive alleles.

• Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.

Multiple Choice

Natural Selection is driven by a change in the environment and survival of the

• Earth

• Fastest

• Fittest

• Biggest

Multiple Choice

Why is the mouse population changing over time?

• The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice

• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better

• The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily

• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily

Multiple Choice

Most organisms have more offspring than will survive 

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Definition: fitness

• ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment

• organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate

• a growing population causes a scarcity of resources

• differences in the DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called

• genes.

• variations.

• traits.

• theories.

Multiple Choice

One condition of natural selection is a selective pressure. What is a selective pressure?

• Something that makes it harder for an organism to survive.

• Differences in a population

• A mutation that helps an organism survive

• More offspring being born than surviving

Multiple Choice

One condition of natural selection is an adaptation. What is an adaptation?

• Something that makes it harder for an organism to survive.

• Differences in a population

• A mutation that helps an organism survive

• More offspring being born than surviving

Multiple Choice

One condition of natural selection is variation. What is variation?

• Something that makes it harder for an organism to survive.

• Differences in a population

• A mutation that helps an organism survive

• More offspring being born than surviving

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the variation.

• The fox, its predator

• The rabbits can have dark, light, or medium colored fur.

• White or medium fur.

• The darker fur rabbits are more likely to be eaten and fewer of them survive.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the adaptation.

• The fox, its predator

• The rabbits can have dark, light, or medium colored fur.

• White or medium fur.

• The darker fur rabbits are more likely to be eaten and fewer of them survive.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the selective pressure.

• The fox, its predator

• The rabbits can have dark, light, or medium colored fur.

• White or medium fur.

• The darker fur rabbits are more likely to be eaten and fewer of them survive.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the role of overproduction.

• The fox, its predator

• The rabbits can have dark, light, or medium colored fur.

• White or medium fur.

• Less fit rabbits survive, rabbits that are more fit survive and pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the role of overproduction.

• Competition for food.

• The giraffes can have long or short necks.

• Long necks.

• Giraffes that are less fit do not survive to pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the variation in this example.

• Competition for food.

• The giraffes can have long or short necks.

• Long necks.

• Giraffes that are less fit do not survive to pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the adaptation in this example.

• Competition for food.

• The giraffes can have long or short necks.

• Long necks.

• Giraffes that are less fit do not survive to pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

In this example of natural selection, describe the selective pressure in this example.

• Competition for food.

• The giraffes can have long or short necks.

• Long necks.

• Giraffes that are less fit do not survive to pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

Each row shows a different generation of male peacock feathers. What is the variation?

• finding mates

• Some feathers are larger and some are smaller.

• larger features to attract mates

• Peacocks that do not mate do not pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

Each row shows a different generation of male peacock feathers. What is the selective pressure?

• finding mates

• Some feathers are larger and some are smaller.

• larger features to attract mates

• Peacocks that do not mate do not pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

Each row shows a different generation of male peacock feathers. What is the adaptation?

• finding mates

• Some feathers are larger and some are smaller.

• larger features to attract mates

• Peacocks that do not mate do not pass down their genes.

Multiple Choice

Each row shows a different generation of male peacock feathers. Describe the role of overproduction.

• finding mates

• Some feathers are larger and some are smaller.

• larger features to attract mates

• Peacocks that do not mate do not pass down their genes.