LA April 26

LANGUAGE

ARTS 7

Week 3

Activity 4

Studying a cause-effect essay

01

Preview question

Question 1: Do you think people
are healthier now than in the past?
Why or why not?

Open Ended

Question 1: Do you think people are healthier now than in the past? Why or why not?

Preview question

Question 2: What three changes
could you make in your lifestyle to
become healthier? Be specific.

Open Ended

Question 2: What three changes could you make in your lifestyle to become healthier? Be specific.

Read essay

CANCER RISKS

Lung cancer kills more people in one year than all criminal and
accidental deaths combined. This statistic is shocking, but the good
news is that people are now well-informed about the risks
connected to lung cancer. They know that their risk of contracting
this terrible disease decreases if they either stop smoking or do not
smoke at all. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about other
types of cancer. Many people are not aware that their everyday
behavior can lead to the development of different forms of cancer.
By eating better, exercising regularly, and staying out of the sun,
people can reduce their risks of cancer.

CANCER RISKS

Instead of foods that are good for them, people often eat unhealthy foods,
such as hamburgers, french fries, and pizza. These popular foods contain
large amounts of saturated fat, which is one of the worst kinds of fat.
Although light and fat-free products are constantly being introduced to the
consumer market, many people still buy foods that contain fat because
they often taste better. However, eating fatty foods can increase a person's
chances for some kinds of cancer. People do not eat as many fresh
vegetables and fresh fruits as they used to. Instead, they now eat a lot more
processed foods that do not contain natural fiber. Lack of fiber in a person's
diet can increase the chance of colon cancer. In the past, people with less
information about nutrition actually had better diets than people do today.
They also had fewer cases of cancer.

Multiple Choice

Lung cancer kills more people in one year than all criminal and accidental deaths combined. This statistic is shocking, but the good news is that people are now well-informed about the risks connected to lung cancer. They know that their risk of contracting this terrible disease decreases if they either stop smoking or do not smoke at all. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about other types of cancer. Many people are not aware that their everyday behavior can lead to the development of different forms of cancer. By eating better, exercising regularly, and staying out of the sun, people can reduce their risks of cancer.

What is the thesis statement in this paragraph?

• “Lung cancer kills more people in one year than all criminal and accidental deaths combined.”

• There is no thesis statement

• “This statistic is shocking, but the good news is that people are now well-informed about the risks connected to lung cancer.”

• “By eating better, exercising regularly, and staying out of the sun, people can reduce their risk of cancer.”

CANCER RISKS

Many people today are overweight, and being overweight
has been connected to some kinds of cancer. Since television
sets are now a standard piece of furniture in most living
rooms, people spend more time sitting down and mindlessly
eating snacks than they did in the past. The first generation of
TV watchers started the couch potato boom, and today's
couch potatoes are bigger than ever. Health experts warn
that being overweight is a risk not only for heart disease but
also for certain kinds of cancer.

Multiple Choice

An essay...

• always has the same length

• never has more than four paragraphs

• consists of one or multiple paragraphs

• always has five paragraphs

Multiple Choice

The order of paragraphs in an essay is...

• introduction, body paragraph(s), conclusion

• body paragraph(s), introduction, conclusion

• thesis, introduction, body paragraph(s), conclusion

• introduction, conclusion, body paragraph(s)

Multiple Choice

An interesting thought, fact, or question at the beginning to catch your reader's interest is called

• thesis

• topic sentence

• claim

• hook

CANCER RISKS

The best way to attain a healthy weight is for people to cut
back on the amount of food that they consume and to
exercise regularly. It is not possible to do only one of these
and lose weight permanently. The improved diet must be in
conjunction with regular exercise. In the past, people did
more physical activity than people do today. For example,
people used to walk to work; now almost no one does. In
addition, people had jobs that required more physical labor.
Now many people have desk jobs that require sitting in front
of computers.

Multiple Choice

The main idea of your essay is called

• hook

• thesis

• topic sentence

• conclusion

Multiple Choice

Another name for thesis is...

• main point

• argument

• claim

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Each body paragraph should include

• a hook

• a thesis

• details, examples, and explanations

• no more than three sentences

CANCER RISKS

Finally, health officials are gravely concerned by the astounding rise in the
cases of skin cancer. Many societies value a tanned complexion, so on
weekends people tend to flock to the beach or swimming pools and lie in
the sun. Many of these people do not use a safe sunscreen, and the result is
that they often get sunburned. Sunburn damages the skin, and repeated
damage may lead to skin cancer later in life. Once the damage is done, it
cannot be undone. Thus, prevention is important. In the past, people did not
lie in direct sunlight for long periods of time, and skin cancer was not as
prevalent as it is now. People have started to listen to doctors' warnings
about this situation, and more and more people are using proper
sunscreens. Unfortunately, millions of people already have this potential
cancer problem in their skin and may develop cancer later.

CANCER RISKS

Cancer has been around since the earliest days of human
existence, but only recently has the public been made
aware of some of the risk factors involved. Antismoking
campaigns can be seen everywhere on billboards, in
television commercials, on the radio, and in newsprint. If
the same amount of attention were given to proper diets,
exercise, and sunscreens, perhaps the number of overall
cancer cases could be reduced.

Question 1: Write the main
message in this essay

Some cancer risks can be
reduced by implementing
lifestyle changes.

Question 3: The thesis statement should tell the reader how the essay
will be organized. What do you know about the organization of the essay
from the thesis statement?

Each paragraph discusses one
method (cause) for reducing
cancer risks

Question 4: In Paragraph 2, the writer states that many people eat
unhealthy food. What supporting information explains why this food is
not healthy?

The foods contain saturated fat (“These popular foods
contain large amounts of saturated fat, which is one of
the worst kinds of fat.”) Processed food does not
contain fiber. (“Instead, they now eat a lot more
processed foods that do not contain natural fiber.”)

Food with a lot of fat tastes better.
(“Although light and fat-free products
are constantly being introduced to the
consumer market, many people still buy
foods that contain fat because they
often taste better.”)

Question 5: In Paragraph 2, the writer
also explains why people enjoy eating
unhealthy foods. Write the reason here.

Activity 5

Studying a comparison/argument essay

02

PREVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What do you know about community colleges?
How are they different from universities?

2. What are some things that students consider
when they are choosing a college?

An Alternative to University Education

A high school diploma is not the end of many people's education
these days. High school students who want to continue their
education generally choose one of two routes after graduation.
Some students opt to attend a community college and then
transfer to a university, while others go directly to a university.
Making this difficult choice requires a great deal of careful thought.
However, if the choice is based on three specific factors, namely,
cost, location, and quality of education, students will quickly see the
advantages that attending a community college offers.

Multiple Choice

Your conclusion should contain

• a restating of your thesis

• a brief summary of your main ideas

• a thought-provoking questions or a call to action

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the first paragraph in a formal essay called?

• Beginning

• Grabber

• Hook

• Introduction

An Alternative to University Education

Attending a community college is much cheaper than
attending a university. For example, tuition at a local
community college might cost $3,000 per year, especially for
residents of the area. The same classes taken at a nearby
university could cost over $25,000. In addition, a university
would charge more for parking, photocopying at the library,
cafeteria food, and campus health clinic services. No matter
how the total bill is calculated or what is included, it is more
expensive to study at a university.

An Alternative to University Education

Studying at a community college can be more convenient because of
its location. Going to a university often requires recent high school
graduates to live far from home, and many of them are reluctant to do
so. These students are only seventeen or eighteen years old and may
have very little experience with being away from home. It is often
difficult for these young people to suddenly find themselves far from
their families. In addition, very few parents are prepared to send their
teenagers to distant universities. Because almost every area has a
community college, students who opt to go to a community college
first can continue to be near their families for two more years.

Multiple Choice

Your conclusion should contain

• a restating of your thesis

• a brief summary of your main ideas

• a thought-provoking questions or a call to action

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What is a paraphrase?

• Your own thoughts and ideas

• Exact words from the article using EBT

• Ideas from the article written in your own words

An Alternative to University Education

Finally, there are educational benefits to attending a community
college. University life is very different from community college life. A
university campus offers a large variety of sports events and social
activities, and students can easily become distracted from their studies.
Community colleges, which typically have fewer students and
extracurricular activities, may be a better environment for serious study.
In addition, the library facilities at a community college, though not as
large as those at a university, are more than sufficient for the kind of
work that is required in first- or second-year courses. Class size is also
an issue to consider.

An Alternative to University Education

Introductory courses at universities often have 50, 60, or even
100 students. In such large classes, student-teacher interaction
is minimal, and learning can be more difficult for some students.
Finally, the teaching at community colleges is often better than
the teaching at a university. Professors at community colleges
often have the same credentials as those at universities, but
community college professors spend most of their time
teaching

instead

of

conducting

research,

as

university

professors have to do.

An Alternative to University Education

The decision to enter a university directly or to attend a
community college for the first two years after high school can
be difficult. Community colleges are not as glamorous as large
universities. They are often perceived as second-rate alternatives
to the more well-known universities. However, based on the
three important factors outlined above-cost, location, and quality
of education-it is clear that for many students, choosing a
community college is the smarter thing to do.

Multiple Choice

The most important sentence in your essay is the _____.

• last sentence

• first sentence

• thesis sentence

• counterclaim

Multiple Choice

What is a topic sentence?

• It is the same as a thesis and contains all of your points.

• It is the first sentence in the essay.

• It is the last sentence of the essay and should contain evidence.

• It begins each body paragraph and each topic sentence explains the point of that paragraph.

Multiple Choice

Begin every body paragraph with a ________

• A lead

• An Introduction

• A topic sentence that Restates Question

• Background information

Multiple Choice

Which type of paragraph contains cited evidence?

• Body

• Beginning

• Conclusion

• Resolution

Multiple Choice

What is the last paragraph of a formal essay called?

• Resolution

• Conclusion

• Ending

• Finale

Multiple Choice

Which is the paragraph where key ideas or claims are developed and explained?

• Introduction

• Body paragraph

• Key paragraph

• Conclusion

Question 1: What two things are being compared in this
essay? Which one does the writer think is better?

● Community colleges and

universities

● Community is better

Question 2

What is the organization of this essay? Fill
in the blanks of this simple outline with the
words that are missing

Multiple Choice

What is a good transition word for the conclusion paragraph?

• Furthermore

• To wrap it all up

• Also

Multiple Choice

A topic is

• a general category for writing

• a specific and narrow focus for writing

Multiple Choice

 the first paragraph of an essay that includes the hook, bridge and thesis statement

• Introduction

• Body Paragraph

• Conclusion

Match

Match the following

• Ideas

• Organization

• Sentence Fluency

• Conventions

writing is on topic & developed

writing has a clear structure with transitions

writing flows with varied sentences

writing has proper grammar, punctuation, caps & spelling

• writing is on topic & developed

• writing has a clear structure with transitions

• writing flows with varied sentences

• writing has proper grammar, punctuation, caps & spelling

Match

Match the following

• Word Choice

• Voice

• Presentation

writing uses descriptive & vivid words

writing is personal and unique to the author

writing has the proper formatting

• writing uses descriptive & vivid words

• writing is personal and unique to the author

• writing has the proper formatting

Match

Match the following for the parts of the Introduction Paragraph

• Hook

• Bridge

• Thesis Statement

the first 1-2 general sentences of the introduction that create interest for the reader

the middle 2-3 sentences of the introduction that specifically connect to the thesis

 the final sentence of the introduction that specifically states the essay’s main idea.

• the first 1-2 general sentences of the introduction that create interest for the reader

• the middle 2-3 sentences of the introduction that specifically connect to the thesis

•  the final sentence of the introduction that specifically states the essay’s main idea.

Match

Match the following for the parts of the Body Paragraphs

• Topic Sentence

• Subtopic

• Details

the first sentence of body paragraphs that introduce the subtopics

the supporting ideas for the thesis statement

the facts, details, examples, text evidence, etc. that support the thesis

• the first sentence of body paragraphs that introduce the subtopics

• the supporting ideas for the thesis statement

• the facts, details, examples, text evidence, etc. that support the thesis

Match

Match the following for the parts of the Conclusion Paragraph

• Thesis Restatement

• Summary Statements

• Clincher

a rewording of the thesis statement in a new way.

sentences that restate the subtopics of each body paragraph

the final sentence of the conclusion that leaves an impact on the reader.

• a rewording of the thesis statement in a new way.

• sentences that restate the subtopics of each body paragraph

• the final sentence of the conclusion that leaves an impact on the reader.

Multiple Choice

What is a thesis statement ?

• A thesis statement is a sentence filled with details that gives information about your topic.

• A thesis is a conclusion of your whole paper.

• A thesis statement is usually more than one sentence that tells the main point of your piece of writing at the beginning of your writing.

• A thesis statement is usually one sentence that tells the main point of your piece of writing

Multiple Select

What are examples of transition words? Choose all that apply

• Next

• Firstly

• So

• additionally

Multiple Choice

What is a transition word?

• Transition words are words that aren’t necessary in a good essay.

• Transition words are words that make your essay not flow.

• Transition words are used to link together different ideas in your text.

• Transition words are nouns, adverbs, and adjectives.

Multiple Select

A conclusion

• Introduces new information

• Isn’t required when writing an essay

• Is at the end of the essay

• Summarizes the main points of the essay

Poll

How confident are you with writing essays?

• Not confident

• I kinda get it

• I can write an essay

• I’m very confident that I know how to write an essay

Multiple Choice

What is a draft?

• a piece of writing

• a video

• a piece of pizza

Multiple Choice

Each sentence begins with a ____________ letter.

• lower case

• capital

• monkey

Topic: The Advantages of Community Colleges

I. Introduction (Paragraph 1)

Thesis statement:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

However, if the choice is based on three specific factors, namely,
cost, location, and quality of education, students will quickly see
the advantages that attending a community college offers.”

Multiple Choice

Each sentence should end with a _____________.

• punctuation mark . ! ?

• a comma ,

• an apostrophe '

II. Body

A. Paragraph 2 topic: ____________________________________

1. Tuition

a. Community college: $_________________________________

b. __________________: __________________________________

2. Other costs

a. Parking

b. _____________________________________________________

c. Health clinic services

d. _____________________________________________________

Costs

3,000

over $25,000

University

Photocopying costs

Cafeteria prices

B. Paragraph 3 topic: Location

1. Better for students

a. _____________________________________________________

b.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

2. Better for parents

Students do not want to be away from home

Students can wait till they have more experience
before leaving home.

C. Paragraph 4 topic: ___________________________________

1. Distractions of university

2. Community college: Quiet campus

3. _____________________________________________________

4. Class size

5. Quality of teaching

III. Conclusion (Paragraph 5)

Educational benefits

Library facilities are more than sufficient.

PLEASE USE PADLET TO COMPLETE EXERCISES BELOW

Question 3

The writer discusses three factors-cost, location, and quality of

education-in the decision about what kind of college to attend. Can

you think of two other factors that the writer could have used?

Did your opinion about community colleges change after you read

"An Alternative to University Education"? In other words, did the writer

persuade you to change your mind about community colleges?

Question 4

Question 5

Which part of the essay was the most

persuasive for you?

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