American Revolution

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• Long-standing

rivalry between
France &
England

• War fought in

Europe from
1754-1763

• Also known as

the Seven Years’
War

• English concerned

about French Forts
being built by in the
OHIO RIVER
VALLEY

• Population of

English colonies
growing rapidly &
pushing west

England

France

Allies:

Iroquois Algonquins, Hurons,
Ottowas

Colonial
Population:

1,000,000 70,000

Colonial

Towns, trade, farms Fur trading, missionary

Activities:

priests

• In September 1759,

British General James
Wolfe leads a surprise
attack on Quebec

• British victory at Fort

Niagara cut off the
French frontier forts

• Leads England to

eventual victory in the
war

•

France lost Canadian
colonies and claims
to land east of the
Mississippi River

•

England got all
French territory in
Canada, Florida &
rights to Caribbean
slave trade

•

Spain got French
territory west of the
Mississippi River &
New Orleans

Multiple Choice

The Treaty of Paris 1763 did which of the following?

• Gave independence to the British Colonists living in North America

• Victory to the French and Indians

• Victory to the British and Colonists and gave them all land East of the Mississippi River

• Victory to the British and Colonists and gave them all land West of the Mississippi River

• For the first time in 50 years,

England was at peace

• Yet they had accumulated a

massive amount of debt
fighting all of these wars

– Increased taxation of the

colonies was seen as
justified

– After all, the British felt,

many of these wars had
been fought in the interest
of protecting the colonies

Post French-Indian War

• King George III forbid

colonist to advance beyond
the Appalachian Mts.

• Allowed England (rather than

the colonial gov’ts)
to control westward
expansion

• Great Britain wanted a buffer

zone between the colonists
and American Indians to
reduce the threat of violence

• Most Indian tribes liked the

line

Proclamation of 1763

• Results:

– Failed

– Minimal effect on

limited colonial
expansion

– Settlers continued to

swarm across the
boundary and to claim
lands farther into the
Ohio River Valley

– It wasn’t policed by

British troops

Proclamation of 1763

• Formed in 1765 in Boston,

Mass

• A organization of colonists

who:
– Attacked stamp agents
– Destroyed the lieutenant

governor’s home

• They would go on to be a

powerful, underground
colonial group in
Massachusetts

• Samuel Adams was a

member

Sons of Liberty

• Led by Mercy Otis

Warren- writes the first
history of the American
Revolution

• Participated in

anti-British riots

• Helped spread pamphlets

and literature against the
British

• Wrote the first history of

the American
Revolutionary War based
on notes.

Daughters of Liberty

Loyalists

•Colonists who
remained loyal to
the British monarchy
and disagreed with
the Declaration of
Independence.

Patriots

•The colonists who favored separating
Britain and becoming their own
independent nation.

Neutrals

The colonists
who remained
neutral, who

chose not to take

sides.

Mercantilism

•Colonies became a
source of raw materials
for their mother country

•Colonists are expected
to be the purchasers of
manufactured goods
from the mother
country

•Colonists wanted to buy
goods from cheaper
sources and sell to a
wider market

Economic Policies

• Great Britain needed to raise money to help

pay off the debt incurred from the French and
Indian War, so they imposed taxes
– Sugar Act
– Stamp Act
– Townshend Act
– Tea Act
– Intolerable Act
Colonists resented British rule and claimed
TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

Multiple Choice

Which of the following gives a clear definition of Mercantilism?

• Did not allow the colonists to trade between colonies, but only with the Mother Country (England)

• Allowed free trade with other colonies and countries

• Did not allow colonists to trade with the Mother Country, but did allow trading with other colonies and countries

• Designed to eliminate the

illegal sugar trade between
the colonists and the
French/Spanish West Indies

• Strengthened enforcement on

sugar, while lowering the duty
on molasses, damaging the
sugar grown in the colonies

• Established courts in America

to try smugglers

Sugar Act (1764)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
kxdHoyHpVRI&list=PLwos3wwaLiI
9d0or1BZ8TCH8eOYODCkLQ&ind
ex=7&t=0s

• Merchants and lawyers

required to buy stamps for
ships’ papers and legal documents

• Tavern owners for licenses
• Printers for newspapers
• Actual stamp tax was not expensive,

but the principle of the matter is
what upset colonists
– The precedent that it was setting angered the

colonists

– It was an outright effort to raise money to

cover the cost of the French and Indian War

• Patrick Henry (House of Burgesses) called for a repeal of

the tax, or the king would face a mutiny

Stamp Act (1765)

Response

• Colonists reacted with

rioting and boycotts of
British goods

• Stamp Act Congress

– Met in October 1765
– First united action in

the colonies

Quartering Act

– Quartering Act of 1765

• Required colonists to

provide quarters and
supplies for British
troops in America

• It was the providing of

supplies, not the
quartering, that
angered colonists the
most

– Taxes on tea, lead, glass

and paint colors

– Money used to pay

royal governors

– Named for Charles

Townshend, the
Chancellor who
proposed the taxes

Townshend Acts 1767

• In 1767, the Massachusetts Assembly circulates a letter of

opposition

• Has little effect until the British circulate a letter denouncing

those who support the Assembly’s idea to stand up against
every tax

• Now people were taking notice of the Assembly’s letter!

• Assembly votes 92-17 affirming their letter

• Boycotts in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia against British

goods subject to the Townshend duties

• Townshend dies suddenly; his replacement repeals the duties

Response to the Townshend Acts/Duties

Open Ended

Which ACT up to this point do you believe is the most important cause of the American Revolution?

•Before the news of the repeal even
reached the colonies

•The incident quickly transformed by
local resistance leaders into the
“Boston Massacre”

– A graphic symbolism of British

oppression and brutality

•Soldiers tried and found guilty of
manslaughter, but called murders by
colonial propaganda

•Crispus Attucks: an African American
man who became the first casualty of
the American Revolution when he was
shot and killed at the Boston Massacre

Boston Massacre (1770)

Open Ended

What did the Sons of Liberty use the Boston Massacre for?

•As of 1773,the British East India
Company was on the verge of
bankruptcy

•The Tea Act was an attempt to save the
company
– Gave the company the right to

export tea directly to the colonies
without paying any of the
navigation taxes that were imposed
on colonial merchants

– With this, the British company

would be underselling the
American companies in effect

– 🡪 boycott of tea by many

Tea Act (1773)

• Leaders in the Sons of Liberty had

blocked entry of East India Company
ships

• December 16, 1773 - 3 groups of 50

men dressed as Mohawk Indians
broke open tea chests and heaved
them into the harbor

• British demanded

repayment for the
property but
Bostonians refused

Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party

• Was a reaction to

TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION

• Parliament responded

by passing the
Intolerable Acts

• Closed the port of

Boston

Poll

The Boston Tea Party is an example of.....

• Colonists being mad

• Civil Disobedience

• Colonists throwing a fit

• In response to the Boston Tea Party
• The acts:

1.

Closed the port of Boston

2.

Restructured Massachusetts self-government

3.

Those accused of crimes now had to be tried in
England

4.

Must quarter troops

• These acts made the inhabitants of

Massachusetts a martyr to the other colonies

• Colonists boycotted all British goods

Intolerable (Coercive) Acts 1774

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFq657Q
FNqc

Multiple Choice

The Intolerable Acts was put into place to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. What did the Intolerable Acts do to the Colonists of Massachusetts?

• Closed Boston Harbor

• Made them pay the King back for the Tea

• Took away Massachusetts self government.

• Inforced the Quartering Act

• None of the above

• The royal governor had

dissolved the Virginia
Assembly

• Representatives met

privately and issued a call
for a Continental Congress
that would convene reps
from all colonies to
discuss the situation with
England in September
1774

First Continental Congress

• Representatives from all colonies (except

Georgia) convened in Philadelphia

• Made 4 major decisions

1.

Rejected a plan for a colonial union under British
authority

2.

Endorsed a statement of grievances reflecting the
conflicts among the delegates

3.

Resolutions recommending that the colonists make
military preparations for defense against an attack by the
British

4.

Agreed to non-importation, non-exportation, and
non-consumptions as a means of stopping all trade with
England

First Continental Congress

• Through their reps, the colonies had

reaffirmed their autonomous status within the
empire and declared something close to
economic war

First Continental Congress

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Second Continental Congress

• Decided to officially

separate from Britain

• Committee selected to

draft the reasons for
separation

• Thomas Jefferson selected

to write document

• Met in Philadelphia in 1776

Second Continental Congress

• Sent a list of grievances to King George III of

England

• Those grievances included:

– Taxation without representation
– King has absolute power
– Colonists not allowed to speak out against the

King

– Quartering Act forced colonist to house troops
– Allowed homes to be searched without warrants
– Suspending legislative bodies

Declaration of
Independence

•The grievances sent to King
George III were known as
the Declaration of
Independence

•Written July 4, 1776

•Written by Thomas
Jefferson

•Also included Unalienable
Rights
– Fundamental rights or

natural rights
guaranteed to people
naturally, possessed at
birth, instead of being
granted by the
government

– Life, Liberty and

Pursuit of Happiness

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
uZfRaWAtBVg

Fighting the American Revolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=uZfRaWAtBVg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lgWMNY6wAU

• Well-trained

soldiers

• World’s most

powerful navy

• Lots of $$$

compared to the
colonies

•

Small towns outside Boston

•

Minutemen meet Redcoats in a
very brief skirmish

•

Starts the war

•

Known as the “Shot heard round
the world”

•

April 19, 1775

• British Victory but costly

• Very high casualties for British inspire Americans

Bunker Hill was the
bloodiest battle of the
Revolutionary War.
More than 1,000
British soldiers and
about 400 American
patriots were killed or
wounded.

The Bunker Hill flag
was also one of the
first American flags to
include the Pine Tree,
which would become a
lasting symbol of New
England and the
Colonies.

•

After Washington’s secret
crossing into PA

•

December 26, 1776

•

Surprises Hessians –
mercenaries hired by the
British

•

Major, inspirational victory for
the Continental Army

Multiple Choice

What was the first official battle of the American Revolution, and is known as the "shot heard around the world."

• Battle of Bunker Hill

• Battle of Trenton

• Battles of Lexington and Concord

• Battle of Saratoga

[e-mail]

•

Two battles in
NY in Fall of 1777

•

The 2nd was a
decisive American
victory

•

Major turning point
in the war

•

Patriot Victory

•

Inspired France to
agree to Treaty of
Alliance

Open Ended

What is the turning point of the American Revolution?

•

Washington has his army camp in
Pennsylvania during winter of 1777

•

Over 2000 men die during brutal,
freezing winter

•

Surviving soldiers emerge in spring newly
inspired

•

Soldiers are trained and become more of
a professional army rather than a militias

• French navy

arrives for
support in
September
of 1781

• October, 1781

• Lord Cornwallis

surrenders to the Continental
Army

• America wins the war

Multiple Choice

Where did Washington loose 2,000 troops to harsh weather, disease, and starvation? However, the Colonial Army left stronger because who showed up?

• Yorktown, British

• Valley Forge,

  Native Americans

• Valley Forge,

  French

• Saratoga, French

Treaty of Paris 1783

•Independence
recognized

•Boundaries extended
to Canada to the north,
the Mississippi River to
the West and Florida to
the south

Multiple Choice

What is the last battle of the American Revolution, and the treaty that ended it?

• Yorktown,

  Treaty of Paris 1763

• Yorktown, Treaty of Paris 1783

• Saratoga,

  Treaty of Paris 1763

• Saratoga,

  Treaty of Paris 1783

People Who

Made

Contributions

During the

Revolutionary

Era

Benjamin Franklin
had one of the most
important tasks of the
Revolution. He was
sent to France in 1777
in order to gain a
treaty of alliance
against the British.

He negotiated the
Treaty of Paris which
ended the war.

Abigail Adams

• Wife of John

Adams

• Fought for

Women’s rights

• Famous quote

was “Remember
the Ladies”

John Adams

• Lawyer
• Politician
• Defended the

British soldiers
after the Boston
Massacre

• Member of the

Continental
Congress

Wentworth Cheswell

•African American Patriot

•Made an all-night ride
back from Boston to
warn his community of
the coming British
invasion

•Served in the Army

•Fought at Saratoga

Samuel Adams

• Organized a protest to the Stamp

Act

• Led the Sons of Liberty

• Led the Boston Tea Party

• Signed the Declaration

Independence

James Armistead

•Enslaved African American in
Virginia

•Marquis de Lafayette recruited
him as a spy for the
Continental Army

•Posed as a double agent

•Brought Lafayette information
about the British troop
movement

•Contributed to the American
victory at Yorktown

King George III

• King of Great Britain

• Imposed taxes on the colonists
• Feared that losing the colonies

would ruin his monarchy

Patrick Henry

• Member of the Virginia

House of Burgesses

• Spoke against the Stamp

Act

• Famous quote: “Give me

liberty or give me death”

Thomas Jefferson

•Member of the
Continental Congress

•Member of the
committee that wrote
the Declaration of
Independence

•Chief writer of the
Declaration of
Independence

Marquis de
Lafayette

• French aristocrat

• Fought in the

American Revolution

• Was a Major-General
• Helped Washington

train soldiers at

Valley Forge

Thomas Paine

• Wrote “Common

Sense”

• Persuaded the

Americans to join
the Patriot cause

John Paul Jones

•Father of the U.S. Navy

•Commander in the Continental Navy during the
American Revolution

•Urged leaders of the United States to maintain a
strong navy as the Continental Navy was
disbanded.

George Washington

• From Virginia

• Soldier in the French and Indian War

• Delegate to the First and Second

Continental Congresses

• Commander-in-Chief of the

Continental Army

• Chairman of the Constitutional

Convention 1787

The Founding

Fathers

•Individuals who played
a major role in
declaring
independence

•Fought in the
Revolutionary War

•Wrote and adopted the
U.S. Constitution

•Had civic virtue (to put
the common good
above their private
interests)

•Sacrificed their
business interests and
livelihoods to
participate in the
independence
movement

Open Ended

Who do you believe is the most influential person of the American Revolution and why?