Development Across the Lifespan Pt.2

​Growth and Development

​- physiological and functional maturation of the organism

- nutrition plays an important role in the development of an organism.​​

​

​Development

​- increase in mass and size of a body or organs

- nutrition plays an important role in the growth of an organism.​

​Growth

​STAGES of Growth and development

​Infancy (birth - 1 year)

Toddler ( 1 - 3 years)

Childhood (3 - 12 years)

Adolescence or teenage (12 - 18 years)

Adulthood (18 and above)

Multiple Choice

Which if the following is the correct sequence of stages of life?

• birth, adulthood, adolescence, old age, childhood, infancy

• infancy, birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age

• birth, childhood, adulthood, adolescence, old age, infancy

• birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age

Multiple Choice

The social cognitive theory of development was discovered by __________:

• Albert Einstein

• Albert Bandura

• Jean Piaget

Words to Know:

• Autonomy: independence to make decisions

• Conservation: the ability to understand that shape doesn't change the amount

• Executive strategies: skills needed to solve problems, set goals, and evaluate solutions

• Metacognition: the ability to think about thinking

• Seriation: ability to place objects in order by characteristic, like small to large

• Transitivity: ability to understand that the relationship between two things can extend to a third.

​Questions for Further Discussion 1. Even though the cloth surrogate was warm and soft and seemed to provide contact comfort, do you think that the monkeys raised in this way would behave normally when placed into contact with other monkeys? How might they react?

2. What might be the implications of Harlow’s work for human mothers who feed their infants with bottles rather than breastfeeding?

Multiple Choice

One way researchers study newborn development involves measuring how long infants continue to focus upon a nonchanging stimulus. This technique is referred to as

• adaptation.

• longitudinal study.

• habituation.

• a cross-sectional design.

Multiple Choice

In which of Piaget’s stages would a child be who has just developed the ability to conserve?

• sensorimotor

• concrete operations

• preoperational

• formal operations

Multiple Choice

Vygotsky defines __________ as the process of helping less as the learner improves at a given task.

• scaffolding

• zone of proximal development

• habituation

• metamemory

Multiple Choice

What kind of attachment, according to Ainsworth, is shown by a baby who clings to his or her mother, gets upset when the mother leaves, and demands to be picked up but at the same time kicks and pushes her away?

• secure

• ambivalent

• avoidant

• disorganized–disoriented

Multiple Choice

Studies by Harry Harlow showed that the most important element to developing attachment is a. feeding. c. mental challenges. b. physical contact. d. sleep.

• feeding.

• mental challenges.

• physical contact.

• sleep.

Multiple Choice

According to Erikson, which stage results in a sense of independence because of one’s ability to control their own actions?

• trust versus mistrust

• autonomy versus shame and doubt

• initiative versus guilt

• generativity versus stagnation

Multiple Choice

Specialized study of how an individual’s physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development occur in sequential order as the individual matures

• Developmental psychology

• Maturation

• Schemas

• Socialization

Multiple Choice

The internally programmed growth of a child

• Maturation

• Learning

• Critical period

• Assimilation

Multiple Choice

Relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience 

• Learning

• Maturation

• Egocentric

• Critical period

Multiple Choice

The kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear

• Telegraphic speech

• Schemas

• Imprinting

• Socialization

Multiple Choice

Mental representations of the world; conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world 

• Schemas

• Surrogate

• Socialization 

• Maturation

Multiple Choice

Inherited tendency of some newborn animals to follow the first moving object they see

• Imprinting

• Egocentric

• Surrogate

• Maturation

Multiple Choice

Parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct 

• Authoritarian

• Authoritative 

• Democratic

• Permissive

Multiple Choice

Children and adolescents have the final say; parents are less controlling and have a non-punishing, accepting attitude toward children

• Laissez faire

• Democratic

• Authoritarian

• Authoritative 

Multiple Choice

Occurring automatically and involuntarily as a result of the nervous system's reaction to a stimulus

• reflexes 

• gross motor skills

• fine motor skills

• development

Multiple Choice

The part of Developmental Psychology that deals with nature v. nurture says that

• development is based on who raises the child  

• development is solely based on genetics

• development is often a balance between genetics and learned behaviors 

• development is solely based on the child's environment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget's stages of development?

• concrete operations

• preoperational

• sensorimotor

• object permanence

Multiple Choice

How do you call the stage when the children understand through language and mental images?

• Pre-operational

• Sensorimotor

• Formal

• Concrete

Multiple Choice

He discovered the cognitive theory of development.

• Albert Bandura

• Jean Piaget

• Albert Einstein