period table

Periods

• Each row is called a period

• The elements in each period have the same number of shells or energy levels

Periods

1st period = 1 shell

2nd period = 2 shells

3rd period = 3 shells

4th period = 4 shells

Multiple Choice

How many energy levels do elements in the 6th period have?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

Groups

• Each column is called a group

• Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as shells

• The electrons in the outer shell are called valence electrons

Group 1 = 1 valence electron

Group 2 = 2 valence electrons

Group 18 = 8 valence electrons

-- Noble Gases --

Except for Helium, it has 2 electrons

Multiple Choice

Using the periodic table, the group of the element tells you how many ____________ an element has.

• Valence electrons

• Protons

Transition Metals

Transitions metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons

Valence Electrons

• Valence Electrons (VE-) are the number of electrons in the outer shell/energy level that will be lost or gained in chemical bonding

• Group 1 is one of the most reactive because it only has one Valence Electron

Multiple Choice

Which group below is the most reactive?

• Group 1

• Group 3

• Group 5

• Group 7

Reactivity of Elements

• Atoms often react so as to obtain exactly 8 electrons in their valence shells

• In order to form bonds, the elements will try to model the noble gases by having complete outer shell.

• Noble gases are stable because they have 8 valence electrons; they rarely combine with other elements in nature

• Remember... Groups 1 and 17 are very reactive.

• Click next to answer 4 questions

Multiple Choice

Lithium: how many electron shells does it have?

Check the periodic table

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Neon: is Neon reactive or unreactive?

• Reactive

• Unreactive

Multiple Choice

The vertical (up and down) columns in the Periodic Table are called

• groups

• towers

• periods

• atomic numbers

Multiple Choice

Elements in a .................. have similar chemical properties.

• period

• group

• row

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not true of Metals?

• they make up a majority of elements

• they are shiny

• they are good conductors

• they are poor conductors

Multiple Choice

What does the atomic number of an element tell you?

• the number of neutrons

• the number of valence electrons

• the number of electrons

• the number of protons

Multiple Choice

No two elements have the same atomic number.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called:

• periods

• elements

• groups

• matter

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not true of Metals?

• they make up a majority of elements

• they are shiny

• they are good conductors

• they are poor conductors

Multiple Choice

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called:

• periods

• elements

• groups

• matter