Organization of Organisms

Organization of Organisms

Cell Structure and Organism

Levels of Organization

Size of Specimens

​-tiny box like structures (cells)

-phographed through a microscope (photomicrograph)

-60X Magnification

-2mm long in picture, 0.03 mm long in life

​Plant Cell

SECTIONS

If you cut ALONG THE LENGTH of the structure

If you cut ACROSS the structure

thin slices

Labelling

Identify what type of section.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

longitudinal section

transverse section

-Magnified 700X

-treated with dyes (STAIN) for structures to show up clearly

​

Animal Cell

​Features present in most animal cells

Cytoplasm

• ​looks like a thick liquid with particles in it

• chemical reactions take place

• liquid part is about 90% water with molecules of salt and sugars dissolved in it

• fats (lipids), proteins (enzymes) are suspended

• others float freely

Cell membrane

• thin boundary enclosing the cytoplasm

• controls substances which are allowed to enter and leave the cell

• oxygen, food and water are allowed to enter, waste products are allowed to leave

Nucleus

• rounded structure enclosed in a membrane

• control the type and quantity of enzymes produced by the cell

• determines what the cell will be (blood cell, liver cell, muscle cell, nerve cell)

• controls cell division

Nucleus

• cell without nucleus cannot reproduce

• inside the cell are thread-like structures called CHROMOSOMES

Chromosomes can be seen easily when cells are dividing

Cell division in an animal cell

Draw

Draw an animal cell and label the parts.

​Features in most Plant Cell

​Cell Wall

• ​contains cellulose

• it is non-living

• allows water and dissolved substances to pass through

• not selective like cell membrane

​Vacuole

• ​large, liquid-filled space

• contins cell sap (a watery solution of sugar, salts and sometimes pigments

​Plastids

• ​if they contain green substance chlorophyll, it is called CHLOROPLAST

• colorless plastids usually contain starch used as a food storage

​Mesophyll Cells

​Palisade

Spongy

Vascular tissues:

Xylem-water conducting

Phloem-food conducting

​Palisade mesophyll cell

Match

Match the following parts of the cell to its function.

• Cytoplasm

• cell membrane

• nucleus

• cell wall

• chloroplast

contains the cell organelles, site of chemical reaction

controls what substances enter and leave the cell

controls cell division, cell development and cell activities

prevents plant cell from bursting, allows water and salt pass through (freely permeable)

traps light energy for photosynthesis

• contains the cell organelles, site of chemical reaction

• controls what substances enter and leave the cell

• controls cell division, cell development and cell activities

• prevents plant cell from bursting, allows water and salt pass through (freely permeable)

• traps light energy for photosynthesis