Chapter 1

Teaching in the 21st Century

Teaching students with technology of today and how making a PLN Can be useful for teachers to use.

Teaching with Students Today

Students of today are far more diverse than that of 10-20+ years ago. For example, according to a study by the US department of Education the amount of white students has decreased from 61% to 45% of all students in the United States school system since 2000 as of 2019. (USDE, 2019). Because of this diversity linguistic diversity has also increased.

Students of Today

Teachers should convey academic material to students to where they can understand, rememeber and apply the subjects. All while inspiring and engaging students from all diversities and backgrounds. Finally, they must also mangage inside the classroom dynamics, behaviors and relationships.

Goals of Teachers

​Goals of Teachers page 5, Students of today page 5

Fill in the Blanks

Due to diversity and different backgrounds in students' life, many students tend to actually struggle due to the curriculum and our textbooks being built for average and it can't possibly nurture the individuality of exceptional students. This was said by Todd Rose in his TED talk "The myth of average." (2013) Similarly, due to the diversification of society and the classroom some communities struggle with various subjects or aspects of the classroom and these are called achievement gaps. This can be due to digital inequalities where students in low income households cannot complete the various tasks that require technology in their homes being under connected. These can often lead to homework gaps where students are unable to finish homework due to not being able to connect.

Teaching with Students Today

• Issues with Teaching

​Todd Rose, Page 6

Open Ended

What are homework gaps?

Many of the students born after 2000 have gown up surrounded by technology and use it regularly and this is called a digital childhood. There are two generations after 2000 being the Generation Z or otherwise known as "iGeneration," "Zoomers," or "Screeners." After this starting at 2010 is Generation Alpha which often are called "iPad kids," due to their large screen time on tablets to entertain them. Due to these generations being around technology since birth they have grown to be exceptionally proficient with technology often leading to media multitasking where the child or teen uses multiple medias of technology to complete tasks or entertainment.

Teaching with Students Today:

-Generations of Technology

​Sources: Page 7

Multiple Choice

What is the Generation born between 1996-2010 called.

• Millennials

• Baby Boomers

• Generation Z

• Generation Alpha

1.1 Vocab

• Generation Z- People born 1996-2010.

• Generation Alpha- People born 2010-present.

• Digital Childhood- Growing up with access and use of technology.

• Media Multi Tasking- Using more than 1 media at one time.

• Millennials- People born 1981-1996.

• Achievement Gap- Differences in academic outcomes due to reasons such as low income or diversity.

• Connectivity Gap- When students can't access the internet while other students are able to.

• Homework Gap- When students aren't able to finish homework that requires access to internet due to not having access.

​How educators utilize technology.

1.2 Technology Today

The first computers were simple machines that were made to do repetitive tasks such as mathematical equations over and over. Computers are defined as a machine that manipulates data by following instructions that are written by human programmers. The two main components of computers are hardware and software. Hardware is the main physical components of a computer such as a CPU or GPU. Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to perform.

Computer Technologies

Technology is crucial in the education industry. Every tool that has been created since human existence by humans made for human problems is considered technology. As technology progresses it helps create new classroom environments that adapt with the new students and generations that come through each and every classroom. Technology started even with feather and quill for homework in early school houses, the blackboard in 1840s, the handheld calculator in 1958 and new digital technological advances of the late 90s and 2000s.

Technology

Technology of Today

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​Page 10

Multiple Select

What is a specific piece of hardware in a computer?

• CPU

• GPU

• Power Supply Unit

• Random Access Memory

• Solid State Drive Storage

The Web 1,2, and 3.0

Much of the digital age has been defined by how the internet has worked often known as the world wide web or simply just the web. There are 3 known stages of the web; web 1.0, web 2.0, and web 3.0. Web 1.0 was the first stages of the internet mostly ran by the experts that helped create the internet. Web 2.0 is the current form of the internet with there being social networks with social media, blogs and wikis that can be accessed by everyone with any form of technology with access. Web 3.0 isn't accessible but is planned to be voice recognition, voice commands, and touch commands. The 3.0 version will also have broadband speeds 50-100 times faster than that of the current web version. Web 2.0 brought forth social media and social networks which helps build students' social skills online. This is social networking where anyone including students share information online. With all the information that is passed around people need to keep track of the information and maintain them often this just included small communities to share information of whatever niche they may be apart of with this being officially called Web 2.0 Knowledge.

Any device that may be able to transfer information to the internet is called an ICT or information and communications technologies.

​Note: At this point I ran out of Free images to use

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Multiple Choice

What device could access Web 2.0

• Typewriter

• Cellphone

• Calculator

• Apple 2 Computer

Vocab 1.2

• Technology- Tools and materials used to solve human problems.

• Computer- Information processing machine.

• Hardware- Basic machinery of a computer.

• Software- Instructions that tell computers what functions to perform.

• Web 1.0- First era of the nternet mostly ran by experts

• Web 2.0/3.0- Highly interactive uses of internet with blogs, wikis, and social networks.

• Social Networking- Using devices and social media to connect online.

• ICT (Information and communication technologies)- digital tools that make sharing information with the web possible.

1.3 How 21st Century Technologies can make interactive classrooms

Blooms taxonomy is a thinking system that is applied in the classroom ranks the skills related to how the brain thinks from lowest to highest in order of the use of mental power. If a task requires more mental power then it is considered a high order thinking task. If a task requires less mental power then it is a low order thinking task. The chart starting at least order task to most goes: Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating. This is the traditional system that was evident throughout the classroom but with technology this allows for the entire spectrum to shift to lower thinking order.

Blooms Taxonomy

HIIB learning is Highly interactive, inquiry-based learning that uses technology to engage students to evaluate the students' learning. The education is also inquiry based meaning the education is changed so that the students effectively think critically and creatively about the subjects at hand.

HIIB Learning

Inquiry Based Learning

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Multiple Choice

What task is the lowest order on the Bloom Taxonomy

• Creating

• Applying

• Analyzing

• Remembering

21st Century Skills

21st century skills make up the skills that are needed by students to flourish in the new technological and digital world. These skills include the ability to think critically, make informed judgments, solve complex problems, think creatively, communicate and collaborate with others, use information in innovative ways, and take responsibility for one’s personal and civic life. (Maloy, 14) When teachers use the technology it helps teach the students how to use those skills mentioned before that are desperately needed during the 21st century. Due to these skills being needed the National Council of teachers of English (NCTE) have formed what we call 21st Century Literacies. Which are the standards of knowing how to create, share and analyze data to solve problems collaboratively. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) proposes the how to integrate methods of teaching through the 21st century technology of today. Through this teachers use their content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technical knowledge to effectively teach to students

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1.3 Vocab

• Highly interactive, inquiry-based learning- Interactive activities that are changed based on the inquiry from the students.

• Bloom's Taxonomy- Hierarchal system for ranking the thinking skills of the classroom.

• Lower Order Thinking- Thinking skills that require less brain processing power.

• Higher Order Thinking- Thinking skills that require more brain processing power.

• 21st Century Skills- Skills needed by students to flourish in the 21st century digital based society.

• 21st Century Literacies- Knowing how to create, share and analyze information to solve a problem collaboratively

• Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)- Integration of content, instructional practices, and technology in designing, delivering and assessing lessons.

• 21st Century Technologies- digital devices and tools of the 21st century.

Building a Professional Learning Network

Organize a professional learning network (PLN) as a technology-using educator.

Laptops, cell phones, and interactive tablets are some of the most crucial technologies according to Michael Flynn in 2008 when technology wasn't even close to what it is now in 2023. Those specific technologies are almost a necessity in every class in college and laptops for classes in high school. As a student in college myself I found that an iPad© is one of the most versatile tools for college and it can be translated into high school level too. You can do everything a laptop can do and more like for example draw on typed notes that a professor may provide before class.

Crucial Technologies

Professional Learning Networks are an anytime, anywhere accessible source of information that works similarly almost as an extension to a personal learning network. They can often be used as a source for useful education links that students can use not just a source of information for other teachers like yourself to use. Using this as almost a bulletin board to show the values of a teacher can help aide in the hiring process of teachers.

Building a PLN

Professional Learning Networks

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Open Ended

What is a technology that could revolutionize the classroom?

Push/Pull Technologies

With the long reach of the PLN we know that many sources can be added to a PLN many being from a teacher themselves, links straight from the internet or even from students on occasion. There are two different type of technologies being push technologies and pull technologies. Push technologies are information that is sent to teachers and students from outside content creators. Often push technologies are created by the teacher themselves. The other type is pull technologies which are technologies that are pulled from online sources. One of my favorite examples of a pull technology would be "The Ochem Tutor" on youtube as he helped get me through calculus 2 in my second semester of college.