STATE OF MATTER

STATES OF MATTER

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Give one properties of gas that is not shared to solid and liquid

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State the properties of solid

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State the properties of liquid

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State the properties of gas

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Give one properties of solid that is not shared to liquid and gas

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Give one properties of liquid that is shared to gas

Properties of three states of matter

Changes in state

​Melting and Freezing

​The temperature at which a substance turns to a liquid is called the melting point (m.p.)

The temperature of liquid substance that is called down is called the freezing point (f.p.)

The melting point and freezing point of any given substance are both the same temperature.

Example the m.p. and f.p. of water is 0⁰C

Sublimation is a direct changes of state from solid to gas, or gas to solid. As with melting, this also happens at one particular temperature for each pure solid.

Example solid carbon dioxide that is often called 'dry ice'

​SUBLIMATION

Evaporation, boiling, and condensation

​Evaporation	​ a process occuring at the surface of a liquid, involving the change of state from a liquid into a vapour at a room temperature below boiling point
Boiling​	​the process of change from liquid to gas at the boiling point of the substance; a condition under which gas bubbles are able to form within a liquid - gas molecules escape from the body of a liquid, not just from its surface
Boiling point​	the temperature at which a liquid boils, when the pressere of the gas created above the liquid equals atmospheric pressure​
Volatile​	​ term taht describe a liquid evaporates easily; it is a liquid with a low boiling point because there are only weak intermolecular forces between the molecules in the liquid
Volatility​	​the property of how easily a liquid to evaporate
Condensation​	​the change of a vapour or a gas into aliquid; during this process heat is given out to the surroundings

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What is meant by element?

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What is meant by mixture?

PURE SUBSTANCE

Pure substances have definite, sharp melting and boiling points. The presence of an impurity means that these changes will be spread over a range of temperatures in each case.

PURE SUBSTANCE

A pure substance consists of only one substance. There is nothing else in it: it has no contaminating impurities. A pure substance melts and boils at definite temperatures

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State the name for the physical change liquid to solid

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State the name for the physical change liquid to gas at a precise temperature

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State the name for the physical change

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What state of substance I at temperature 100⁰C?

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What state of substance I at temperature -100⁰C?

Multiple Choice

All four substances have negative values for their melting point Which of them has the lowest melting point?

• Substance I

• Substance II

• Substance III

• Substance IV

​1.2 Kinetic particle theory of matter

• The pressure of a gas is produced by the atoms or molecules of the gas hitting the walls of the container. The more often the particles collide with the walls, the greater the pressure

• All matter is made up of very small particles (different substances contain different types of particle such as atom, molecules, or ions).

• Particles are moving all the time (the higher the temperature, the higher the average energy of the particle).

• The freedom of movement and the arrangement of the particles in different for the three states of matter.

​The major points of the theory are:

MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCE AND DIFFUSION

DIFFUSION

• Diffusion occurs in gases and liquids, due to the random motion of their particles

• It is where particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

• Eventually the concentration of particles is even as the particles are evenly spread throughout the available space

• Diffusion happens on its own and no energy input is required

  • Although, it occurs faster at higher temperatures because the particles have more kinetic energy

• MIXTURE: two or more substance mixed together but not chemically combined- the substances can be separated by physical means.

• SOLUTION: is formed when a substance (solute) dissolves into another substances (solvent).

• SOLUTE: the solid that has dissolved in a liquid (solvent) to form a solution.

• SOLVENT: the liquid that dissolves the solid solute tp form a solution.

• SUSPENSION: a mixture containing small particles of an insoluble solid, or droplets of an insoluble liquid, spread (suspended) throughout a liquid.

• PRECIPITATION REACTION: a reaction in which an insoluble salt is prepared from solutions of two soluble salts.

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• SOLUBLE: a solute that dissolves in a particular solvent.

• INSOLUBLE: