DSM1113(1) Security Admission and Management

1. Security Admission and Management

Managerial experiences in security

Reference:

Schmalleger, Frank. Criminology (justice Series). Pearson, 2017.

1. History of security

• Intertwined with law enforcement history

• protection and crime prevention

• (private security) government inability

• predates state-sponsored law enforcement

Multiple Choice

Manakah yang TIDAK benar tentang sejarah keselamatan?

• Datang selepas keselamatan tajaan kerajaan

• Untuk mencegah jenayah

• Berkait rapat dengan sejarah penguatkuasaan undang-undang

• Disebabkan ketidakmampuan kerajaan

1. Roman Britain

2. Anglo-Saxons

3. Frankpledge System

4. Leges Henrici

5. Magna Carta

English Law

• Prehistoric families live in groups with customs. Crimes committed were handled by victim or victim’s family.

• These systems developed through the years and civilizations.

Primitive & Ancient Law

1. History of Law Enforcement

Match

Padankan prasejarah penguatkuasaan undang-undang berikut

• Hukuman jenayah dikendalikan oleh mangsa

• Rekod terawal penyeragaman peraturan

• Rekod pertama sistem mahkamah

• Kodifikasi undang-undang

• Ephors dipilih sebagai penyiasat, hakim, juri dan algojo

Penghuni gua

Sumer

Egypt/Mesir

Rom

Greece/Yunani

• Penghuni gua

• Sumer

• Egypt/Mesir

• Rom

• Greece/Yunani

Match

Padankan undang-undang Inggeris berikut

• Kesetiaan kepada undang-undang raja

• Penceroboh Jerman membawa undang-undang dan adat mereka sendiri

• Pengumpulan ladang di sekitar kampung kecil yang berkerajaan sendiri

• Pembentukan sistem keadilan dan pembangunan moden kerajaan berperlembagaan
  England

• Jenayah dihukum oleh negara dan bukannya oleh mangsa

Britain Rom

Sistem Persepuluhan

Sistem Frankpledge

Leges Henrici

Magna Carta

• Britain Rom

• Sistem Persepuluhan

• Sistem Frankpledge

• Leges Henrici

• Magna Carta

Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II hired Nubians, Libyans, Syrians, and others to complement Egypt’s military and native security forces

shepherd = protect domesticated animals from both human and animal predators

Early Civilizations

1. History of Security

Praetorian Guard = bodyguards for Roman generals and the city,

Eunuchs = castrated men

Rome 400AD

Egypt 13th Century

Match

Match the following

• Shepard guard domesticated animals

• Eunech are castrated men who guard emporer's wife

• Hiring foreigners into the military

Early civilization

Rome 400AD

Egypt 13th century

• Early civilization

• Rome 400AD

• Egypt 13th century

(Europe) Middle Ages (5th-15h Century)

Protect from intruders

shepherd = protect domesticated animals from both human and animal predators

Fires and Large Rocks

1. Security Barriers

Cities in Europe and Asia such as Rome, Troy, Constantinople

E.g. Great Wall of China protect from nomadic groups

Walls and Barriers

Moats

Match

Match the following security barreirs

• Genghis Khan penetrated the wall and conquered China.

• Castle surrounded by water.

• Neanderthals use the light and heat to scare predators.

Walls

Moats

Fire

• Walls

• Moats

• Fire

2. Defining security

• The word security originated from the Latin word securus, meaning without care or concern.

• Security is often defined as freedom from risk, danger, doubt, anxiety, or fear.

  Post and Kingsbury explained that the act of providing security was the provision of two fundamental services:

• protection against threats and hazards that are human-made, natural, or environmental; and

• the prevention of unlawful events.

Multiple Choice

Which is not true about security?

• Derives from the meaning city.

• Freedom from fear.

• Protection against threats.

• Preventing unlawful events.

•• Criminology

•• Business continuity management

•• Facility management

•• Fire and life safety

•• Industrial security

•• Information and computer security

•• Investigations

•• Physical security

•• Security principles

•• Security risk management

•• Security law

•• Security management

•• Security technology

Academic Realm

•• Private investigation

•• Asset protection

•• Physical security

•• Institutional security

•• Executive protection

•• Industrial security

•• Disaster recovery

•• Maritime security

•• Private policing

•• Homeland security

•• Retail security

•• Loss prevention

•• Workplace security

•• Information security

•• Communications security

•• Computer security

Subfield

2. Defining Security

Multiple Choice

Which is not a subfield of security?

• Private investigation

• Biology

• Physical security

• Cyber security

2. Role of Security

• preventative = protection of assets and the maximization of profits.

• Profession = nature of the security department (proprietary or contractual), type of security provided (physical, information, or employment-related), services provided (e.g., guarding, armored transport), and target market (e.g., critical infrastructure, commercial venues).

• (Law enforcement cooperation) private security professionals are often unarmed and need law enforcement backup when arrests need to be made

3. Security Professionals

Post and Kingsbury stated that a profession is a vocation or occupation that requires advanced training, and usually involves mental rather than manual work.

Requirements for career field:

1. Skills coming from and supported by a base of knowledge organized into an internally consistent system called a body of theory.

2. Members possess a common body of knowledge, which is freely communicated among them.

3. Members offer a unique service based on learned techniques.

4. Standards for entry require an extensive training period, minimum qualifications, and licensing or certification by a regulatory body.

5. Standards of conduct embodied in a code of ethics, which guides client relations and contact with one another and society.

6. Heavy emphasis on service to humankind rather than individual gain for those performing the service.

7. Existence of a professional organization, which establishes policy, regulates some actions, and exercises responsibility in keeping members current on technical research concerning their fields of interest.

Match

Match the following security professionals

• Private investigation services

• Moduls for Certified Security Guards

• Every security company must be professional

• Cyber security awareness research

• PIKM members are aware of security regulations

Unique service

Extensive training

Code of ethics

Body of theory

Body of knowledge

• Unique service

• Extensive training

• Code of ethics

• Body of theory

• Body of knowledge

4. Business of Security

​Business of Security

​Public Law Enforcement

​Private Security Organisations

• Works for community

• Salary from paid taxes and revenue-generating activity

• long tenure

• Contribute to organisation mission and profit generation

• funds from company

• fail to focus on mission leads to contract termination and replacement with rival organisation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does not refer to public law enforcement?

• works for community

• salary from taxes

• long tenure

• for profit generation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does not refer to private security organisations?

• funds from private company

• possible termination and replacement

• long tenure

• for profit generation

Security Programs:

Proprietary vs Contractual

Criteria for contract or outsource security:

1. Company cannot perform security services because they lack expertise, the logistics for security exceed their abilities, the cost is deemed excessive, or there are legal restrictions.

2. Temporary security (like a university hosting a national championship or political conference) or unusual in nature.

3. Security personnel cost (wages, benefits, insurance, and other costs) make the service too expensive.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for contract security?

• Lack of expertise

• Temporary security

• Expensive cost

• Permanent position

​Contract Security

​Advantages

Disadvantages

• Lower cost if billing a flat rate.

• Manpower needs more easily filled for temporary increases in need.

• Simplicity of termination with undesirable individuals.

• Separation from labor issues and organized employee groups.

• Reduction of liability.

• Lower-quality personnel making lower wages.

• Limited loyalty from security personnel.

• Limited control of security personnel.

• Relationship with local law enforcement not as likely.

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT advantage of contract security?

• Reduced liability

• Low cost

• Easy termination

• Lack of loyalty

Top security-related issues

• Budgeting and maximizing return on investment.

• Promoting employee awareness.

• Training effectiveness.

• Implementing best practices and key performance indicators.

• Threat assessments.

• Keeping up with technological advances.

• Adequate security staffing.

• Selection and hiring methods for security staffing.

• Strategic planning.

• Regulatory and compliance issues.

• Financial Management

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a security-related issue?

• Maximisation of profit

• Training effectiveness

• Threat assessment

• Brain surgery