SB1.a, c, d Combined Lesson

The Molecules of Life

Macromolecules

Monomers join together to form polymers

Macromolecules

4 Major Categories of Organic Macromolecules:

• Used as a quick energy source

• Often end in -ose

• Mainly sugars and starches​

• Made up of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio​

• Examples: Glucose, Cellulose, Fructose, Lactose​

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Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide: "one sugar"

• Glucose​

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Monomer:

Carbohydrates

Disaccharide= 2 monosaccharides joined together

​

Polysaccharide= many monosaccharides joined together.​

• ​Forms complex carbohydrates like starches and glycogen

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Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

What elements are present in glucose?

• P, Ag, Si

• C, H, O

• H, N, S, C

• OH, CH2

Multiple Choice

A ______________ is a smaller part of a polymer. 

• micromer
• macromer
• minimer
• monomer

Multiple Choice

Sugar or starch that living things use for energy. 

• protein
• carbohydrate
• lipids
• nucleic acids

• Used as a long term or stored energy source

• ​Made up of C, H, and O, but not in a specific ratio

• Not soluble in H2O

• Examples: Oils, Fats, and Waxes​

Lipids

• Structure

• No "true" monomer, but mainly made up of 2 parts:

  • Glycerol

  • Fatty Acids ​

Lipids

​Monomer:

• Main component of cell membranes

• Insulation for certain types of animals

• Hormones-chemical messengers in the body​

Lipids

Functions

Multiple Choice

What is the function of lipids?

• store genetic information
• store energy (long-term)
• store energy (short-term)
• build skin, hair, nails, muscles

​Widely variable functions and Complex Structure

• Enzymes-catalyze chemical reactions

• ​Building muscle

• Component of hair, nails, and skin

• Examples: Collagen, Elastin, Hemoglobin​

Proteins

Amino Acid

• 20 different amino acids

• Amino acids join forming polypeptides​

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Monomer:

Proteins

Collagen:

​

Hemoglobin:

Proteins

Enzymes:

​

Proteins

• ​Biological Catalysts

• Speed up chemical reactions in organisms

• ​Vital for life

Multiple Choice

A biological substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.

• sugar
• enzyme
• cellulose
• lipid

• ​Make up DNA and RNA found in all living organisms.

• Function to store and transmit genetic or hereditary information​

Nucleic Acids

• ​Monomer: Nucleotide

• Composed of C, H, O, N, and P​

  • Phosphate

  • Sugar

  • Nitrogen Base​

Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

A large molecule made up of amino acids that is often plentiful in meat.

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Information molecules that provide directions to make proteins. Most important DNA & RNA 

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• proteins

Multiple Choice

The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.

• Iron

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are the building blocks (monomers) of ______.

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

What is the function of carbohydrates?

• store genetic information

• store energy (long-term)

• store energy (short-term)

• build skin, hair, nails, muscles

Multiple Choice

Which organic macromolecule monomer is shown?

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

Multiple Choice

What are enzymes used for? 

• speed up chemical reactions 

• store energy 

• fight off infections 

• structural support for cell walls of plants 

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the following ratio

• 1:1:1

• 1:2:1

• 2:1:2

• 2:2:1

Cell Organelles

Multiple Select

Which type of organisms' cells will have organelles?

• Bacteria

• Humans

• Dogs

• Plants

Multiple Select

This vital nutrient is made in ribosomes.

• DNA

• Proteins

• Chicken Nuggets

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is more like Amazon.com?

• smooth ER

• rough ER

• FedEx

• Golgi Apparatus

Multiple Choice

Which organelle acts as a storage compartment for water and other cell material?

• Lysosomes

• Foot Locker

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

This organelle is also known as the "Power House" of the cell.

• PWC

• Mitochondrion

• Chloroplasts

• Cytoskeleton

Multiple Choice

This organelle is only found in organisms who conduct photosynthesis.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondrion

• Plants

• Euglena

Multiple Choice

This cell organelle helps organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells.

• vacuole

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

True or False? Passive Transport does not require energy

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 

• Passive Transport

• Active Transport

Multiple Choice

Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.

• food

• energy

• oxygen

• water

Multiple Choice

Which is true about active transport?

• it moves material from low to high concentration

• it does not require energy

• it moves material from high to low concentration