Cladograms and Evidence for Evolution

Evidence for Evolution Notes & Review

by Mister Benson

Multiple Choice

What is the fossil record?

• Are the remains or evidence of once-living organisms

• Is the change over time in populations of related organisms

• Is made up of all the fossils ever discovered on Earth

• Occurs when the last individual organism of a species dies

Multiple Choice

The fossil record shows that:

• Most species have not evolved.
• Some species are evolutionary transitions between major groups of organisms.
• All species are today just as they were when they were created.
• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about fossil evidence?

• We are still discovering fossils.
• Fossils are any remains including humans.
• Sonar and sonography equipment help us locate buried objects. 
• We have found all the fossils there are.

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?

• Fossil 1 and 3 are the same age.
• Fossil 2 is older than fossil 3.
• Fossils 2 and 4 are the same age.
• Fossil 4 is older than fossil 3.

Multiple Choice

Giant fossil ferns have been found in Canada. What conclusion can be drawn from this evidence?

• Canada once had a much warmer climate.
• Giant dragonflies once live among the ferns.
• Canada was once covered by ancient sea.
• Dinosaurs once lived in Canada.

Multiple Choice

Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?

• The function of these bones is the same in all animals
• They live in similar environments
• They have a common ancestor
• All organisms resemble humans

Multiple Choice

Shark fins and dolphin fins are examples of analogous structures.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

• Homologous
• Vesitigial
• Analogous

Multiple Choice

Analogous structures show common ancestry.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

The picture shows a/an ___________

• homologous structure

• vestigial structure

Multiple Choice

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

• Homologous structure

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial structure

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

How does embryology support the Theory of Evolution?

• It shows that they have a common ancestor because of their similarities.
•          I'm not sure.
• Animals change over time. 

Multiple Choice

Common ancestry relates to evolution because

• evolution only happens when there are common ancestors.
• Common ancestors make evolution happen more quickly.
• evolution can never take place with common ancestors.
• the more two organisms have in common, the more recent is their common ancestor during their evolution.

Multiple Choice

In stage one (top row) of these embryos, most of the embryos________

• look very similar.
• have very different features.
• show different stages of development.
• have only a tail if they are non-human.

Multiple Choice

In the the third embryonic stage (bottom row), mammal embryos _____

• have more characteristics in common with each other than with reptiles or birds.
• are still hard to tell from reptiles and birds.
• have the same features as fish, reptiles, and birds.
• do not have tails.

Multiple Choice

In stage 2 (middle row) fish embryos _________

• are very different bird and mammal embryos.
• are still very similar to bird and mammal embryos.
• show arm and leg buds.
• are the only embryos with tails.

Multiple Choice

What was Pangaea?

• An extinct species of fish

• A super-continent (all the continents connected)

• A large desert that covered all of Africa at one point

• A layer of rock in the rock record from 3.4 million years ago

Multiple Select

How does Pangaea support the Theory of Evolution? Select all that apply

• It provides an explanation for why similar fossils are found on different continents

• The movement of continents provides an example of a big change in environment that would cause evolutionary pressures that would drive species to evolve

• It explains how the planet became warmer over the years

• It provides evidence that continents are growing in size slowly

Multiple Choice

True or False: The movement of continents/the breakup of Pangaea occurred quickly.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the name for the concept that the Earth's plates move slowly over the underlying mantle.

• Lithosphere migration

• Law of superposition

• Plate tectonics

• Biogeography

Multiple Choice

What is is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?

• Evolution

• Adaptive Radiation

• Biogeography

• Biogeology

Multiple Choice

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to -

• Amphibians
• Sharks
• Ray Finned Fish
• Crocodiles

Multiple Choice

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?

• Frog
• Hare
• Caiman
• Parrot

Multiple Choice

Mutations are a change in what?

• DNA
• tRNA
• genotype
• phenotype

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Multiple Choice

If two organisms have similar traits of DNA they are probably

• share a common ancestor
• share a common environment
• share a common population
• speciation

Multiple Choice

This is the study of embryos and their development.

• Embryology
• Evolution
• Embryos
• adaptation

Multiple Choice

This kind of structure is when the bones have similar form but are used for different functions.

• analogous structure
• homologous structure
• vestigial structure

Multiple Choice

This kind of structure is when the structures have the same function but have a different structure/form. 

• analogous structure
• homologous structure
• vestigial structure

Multiple Choice

This kind of structure are body parts that have no function now and are just the remains from an ancestor.

• analogous structure
• homologous structure
• vestigial structure

Multiple Choice

When you compare DNA or proteins to support evolution, you are using what kind of evidence?

• anatomical evidence
• molecular evidence
• fossil evidence

Multiple Choice

What kind of evidence for evolution is shown in this image?

• fossil evidence
• anatomical evidence
• molecular evidence