Pre-IELTS/Unit 9: Globalization

Unit 9: Globalization

Table of Content

03. Vocabulary
- Learn new words related to the theme of Globalisation
- Revise some words you've learned in the course
04. GAS
1. Has globalization caused young people to care less about their countries?

2. Do you think globalization has made the world a better place?

01. The IPA
- Revise the sounds /eɪ/ /aɪ/ & /ɔɪ/
- Learn how to pronounce the consonants /p/ /b/ /t/ & /d/

02. Grammar
- Learn how to use Conditionals
- Practice writing Conditionals

Task:
- Revise the sounds /eɪ/ /aɪ/ & /ɔɪ/
- Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced

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The IPA

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced.

• - turmoil (n) sự náo động, rối loạn

• /eɪ/

• /aɪ/

• /ɔɪ/

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced.

• - globalization (n) toàn cầu hóa

• /eɪ/

• /aɪ/

• /ɔɪ/

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced.

• - national pride (n) niềm tự hào dân tộc

• /eɪ/

• /aɪ/

• /ɔɪ/

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced.

• - recoil (v) chùn lại, thoái lui

• /eɪ/

• /aɪ/

• /ɔɪ/

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced.

• - prime (adj) chính, tiêu biểu

• /eɪ/

• /aɪ/

• /ɔɪ/

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and decide how the underlined letters are pronounced.

• - trade (n) thương mại

• /eɪ/

• /aɪ/

• /ɔɪ/

Task:
- Learn how to pronounce the consonants /p/ /b/ /t/ & /d/
- Read the given words and examples

​

The IPA

​Sound 1: /p/
Tip: To produce this sound, first you need to close your lips, then open them to release air. This sound is produced with a puff of air from your mouth, like an explosion.

panda /ˈpændə/ gấu trúc

Pandas mainly eat bamboo.

punch /pʌnʧ/ đấm
He punched a hole through his laptop.

pack /pæk/ đóng gói
They packed too much stuff in the suitcase

copy /ˈkɒpi/ sao chép
She didn't study, so she is trying to copy her friend's answers.

​Sound 2: /b/

Tip: To produce this sound, first you need to close your lips, then open them to release air. This sound is produced without a puff of air, and it is produced with a voice from the throat.

job /ʤɒb/ việc làm

Her job is a very stressful one.

hobby /ˈhɒbi/ sở thích
His favorite hobby is playing video games.

habit /ˈhæbɪt/ thói quen
We should be careful with him because he has a habit of sleeping in.

symbol/ˈsɪmbəl/ biểu tượng
The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom.

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• symbol

• simple

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• symbol

• simple

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• pride

  niềm tự hào

• bride

  cô dâu

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• pride

  niềm tự hào

• bride

  cô dâu

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• pace

  tốc độ

• base

  cơ sở

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• pace

  tốc độ

• base

  cơ sở

Sound 1: /d/

Tip: To produce this sound, the tip of your tongue should touch your tooth ridge to stop air. Then, move your tongue away from the tooth ridge to release air. This sound is produced with a voice from the throat.

odd /ɒd/ kỳ lạ

They both enjoy wearing odd costumes.

ladder/ˈlædər/ cái thang
By performing well in each of her jobs, she slowly climbed the ladder of success.

medal/ˈmedl/ huy chương
He won the most number of gold medals in the 2008 Games.

hide /haɪd/ trốn
The criminals are hiding from the police.

Sound 2: /t/

Tip: To produce this sound, the tip of your tongue should touch your tooth ridge to stop air. Then, move your tongue away from the tooth ridge to release air. There is no voice from the throat when making this sound, only a small explosion of air when the tongue moves from the ridge.

button /ˈbʌt.ən/ nút

There are a lot of buttons on this control panel.

tight /taɪt/ chật
These jeans are too tight for me.

This jacket is a little tight.

telephone/ˈtel.ɪ.fəʊn/ điện thoại
His job is to answer the telephone all day.

start /stɑːt/ bắt đầu
They're starting a new life together.

Multiple Choice

Listen to the audio and choose the word mentioned.

• symbol

• simple

- Learn how to use Conditionals (Câu điều kiện)
- Practice using Conditionals in your writing

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Grammar

Mệnh đề (Clause) là sự kết hợp của nhóm từ, bao gồm hai thành phần chính: Subject (chủ ngữ) và Verb (Động từ), thường có thành phần thứ ba là Object (Tân ngữ).
Ví dụ:

• Cụm từ: Sings, very beautifully

• Mệnh đề: She sings very beautifully.

Grammar:
What's a clause?

Một câu có thể có nhiều hơn một mệnh đề.
Có 2 loại mệnh đề:
- Mệnh đề độc lập (có thể tạo thành 1 câu đơn riêng và đứng một mình)
Vd: Swimming is beneficial for your health. Many people choose this sport as their hobby.

- Hai mệnh đề độc lập có thể ở trong cùng 1 câu để diễn tả mối quan hệ giữa hai mệnh đề đó. Tuy nhiên, hai mệnh đề này cần từ nối.
Vd: Swimming is beneficial for your health, so many people choose this sport as their hobby.

Conditionals - Câu điều kiện

Vị trí của hai mệnh đề này có thể hoán đổi cho nhau
- If I drink too much coffee, I can't sleep at night.
- Ice melts if you heat it.

Cấu trúc chung gồm 2 mệnh đề:
- Mệnh đề If chỉ điều kiện
- Mệnh đề thứ hai chỉ kết quả có được từ điều kiện đề cập ở Mệnh đề If

Zero Conditional

We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and rules.
- The condition always has the same result.

E.g. Nowadays when we communicate across cultures, we usually use English.

Structure:  If/When + present simple, present simple.

First Conditional

Structure:  If/When + present simple, present simple.

We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or possible.
E.g. If the world continues to focus on international trade, we will need to make our education systems more global.
If globalization continues, it can lead to more opportunities for economic growth and improved access to resources.

Practice Writing

First Conditional

It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as, in case, suppose/supposing that, provided/providing that instead of if.

E.g. In case the world continues to focus on international trade, we will need to make our education systems more global.

Think about the impact that globalization might have on your life in the near future. Then use Zero Conditional and First Conditional to write your sentence.
A few aspects you should consider include:
- your education, your career, your friends or colleagues
E.g. If globalization continues, the education system in Vietnam will have to change to adapt to the world's trends. For example, a few more languages will/can be added to school curriculum.

Zero Conditional

E.g. Nowadays when we communicate across cultures, we usually use English.

We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and rules.
- The condition always has the same result

Structure:  If/When + present simple, present simple.

Open Ended

Think about the impact that globalization might have on your life in the near future. Then use Zero Conditional and First Conditional to write your sentence.

A few aspects you should consider include:
- your education, your career, your friends or colleagues
E.g. If globalization continues, the education system in Vietnam will have to change to adapt to the world's trends. For example, a few more languages will/can be added to school curriculums.

Second Conditional

The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or unlikely in reality, now or in the future.

E.g. If we didn’t have cheap transport, we wouldn’t have global products.

If + past simple, would + infinitive.

Third Conditional

If + past perfect, would + have + past participle

The third conditional is used to speculate about past events. It is often used to express regret or to imagine a different result of a past situation.

E.g. People would have exchanged ideas much earlier if the government had changed the laws on information protection during the 1990s.

Match

Match the following clauses to create a complete conditional sentence.

Then identify what kinds of conditionals they are.

• If people were more open-minded about different cultures,

• If multinational corporations stopped exploiting cheap labor in developing countries,

• If global institutions had been established earlier to regulate the expansion of multinational corporations,

globalization would result in greater cultural exchange and understanding.

globalization would be more equitable and sustainable.

the negative effects of globalization could have been mitigated.

• globalization would result in greater cultural exchange and understanding.

• globalization would be more equitable and sustainable.

• the negative effects of globalization could have been mitigated.

Mixed Conditionals

This type of mixed conditional refers to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. These sentences express a situation which is contrary to reality both in the past and in the present.

E.g. If globalization hadn’t become the dominant form of trade in modern society, transnational corporations wouldn’t exist.

If + past perfect, would + infinitive
(past condition, present result)

If + past simple, would have + past participle (present-past)

These mixed conditional sentences refer to an unreal present situation and its probable (but unreal) past result.

E.g. If capitalism wasn’t so popular, globalization may not have happened so quickly.

Match

Match the following clauses to create a complete conditional sentence.

Then identify what kinds of mixed conditionals they are.

• If the government had blocked film materials from other countries,

• If more restrictive trade policies were implemented now,

• If countries had not embraced globalization in the 20th century,

Vietnamese audiences would not be able to enjoy movies from different cultures now.

many global companies wouldn't have been established.

the world economy would be much smaller now.

• Vietnamese audiences would not be able to enjoy movies from different cultures now.

• many global companies wouldn't have been established.

• the world economy would be much smaller now.

- Learn new words related to the theme of Globalisation
- Revise some words you've learned in the course

​

Vocabulary

(n) globalization /ˌɡləʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ toàn cầu hóa

Globalization is the process by which countries become increasingly interconnected through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. This has resulted in increased economic interdependence between countries, as well as the rise of multinational corporations.

(n) national pride /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ /praɪd/
niềm tự hào dân tộc

Globalization has both positive and negative effects on national pride. On the one hand, globalization can lead to a sense of shared identity among citizens from different countries, as they become more aware of global events and issues. On the other hand, globalization can also lead to a feeling of alienation as citizens feel their national identity is threatened by other countries or cultures.

(n) capitalism /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl.ɪ.zəm/ chủ nghĩa tư bản

Capitalism is a type of economic system where goods and services are produced and traded in a free market. Companies compete to produce goods and services at the lowest prices, and consumers are the ones who decide which companies survive. This system is based on the principle of supply and demand, with individual buyers and sellers making decisions about production and consumption.

(n) cultural heritage /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/ ˈ/her.ɪ.tɪdʒ/
di sản văn hóa

Globalization has had a profound impact on cultural heritage, both positively and negatively. On the one hand, it has allowed for the exchange of ideas and cultures, leading to a greater understanding of different societies. On the other hand, it has also led to the erosion of traditional cultures and identities.

Match

Match the following words to their correct meaning

• (n) application

• (n) communication

• (n) perspective

• (n) feature

ứng dụng

thông tin liên lạc

góc nhìn

khía cạnh

• ứng dụng

• thông tin liên lạc

• góc nhìn

• khía cạnh

Match

Match the following words to their correct meaning

• (adj) local

• (adj) popular

• (adj) prime

mang tính địa phương

một cách rộng rãi

góc nhìn

• mang tính địa phương

• một cách rộng rãi

• góc nhìn

Match

Match the following words to their correct meaning

• be associated with

• (v) stimulate

• (v) gain

• (v) sustain

liên quan tới

khuyến khích

thu được

duy trì

• liên quan tới

• khuyến khích

• thu được

• duy trì

Match

Match the following words to their correct meaning

• (v) benefit

• (v) refer to

• (v) increase

• (v) interact

hưởng lợi

nói tới

tăng

tương tác

• hưởng lợi

• nói tới

• tăng

• tương tác

Match

Match the following words to their correct meaning

• (adv) significantly

• (adv) steadily

• (adv) gradually

một cách đáng kể

một cách đều đặn

dần dần

• một cách đáng kể

• một cách đều đặn

• dần dần

Match

Match the following words to their correct meaning

• (adv) relatively

• (adv) approximately

• due to + N

• (adv) virtually

khá

khoảng

do/ bởi vì cái gì

gần như

• khá

• khoảng

• do/ bởi vì cái gì

• gần như

1. Has globalization caused young people to care less about their countries?

2. Do you think globalization has made the world a better place?

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Grammar Application in Speaking

Work in pairs
- Analyze the grammar notes and vocabulary of each sentence with the teacher
- Practice speaking in pairs
- Listen to your friend's answer and give comments about their grammar and pronunciation